铁路站房公共卫生间通风模式优化研究

Optimization Study on Ventilation Mode for Public Washroom in Railway Station Buildings

铁路站房公共卫生间存在换气次数大、污染物浓度高、通风能耗高等问题。以某铁路站房公共卫生间为例,采用CFD数值模拟方法,分析了下部就近排风+上部排风、顶部下送风+下部就近排风、顶部中送风+下部就近排风三种通风方案下的污染物排除效果。研究表明,采用顶部中送风+下部就近排风时卫生间内污染物浓度最低,此时卫生间内0.9m、1.5m高度污染物均能有效排除,不满足率均小于0.5%;针对顶部中送风+下部就近排风方案进行优化分析,在保证污染物有效排除的前提下,得出换气次数最低可取10h-1,送风量与排风量比值应大于60%,送风速度应小于排风速度。

The public washroom in railway station buildings has problems such as high air change rate,high pollutant concentrations and high ventilation energy consumption.Taking a public washroom in a railway station building as an example,the CFD numerical simulation method is used to analyze the pollutant removal effects of three ventilation schemes:lower nearby exhaust and upper exhaust,top downward supply and lower nearby exhaust,top middle supply and lower nearby exhaust.The results show that when using top middle air supply and bottom nearby exhaust,the concentration of pollutants in the bathroom is the lowest.Pollutants at heights of 0.9 m and 1.5 m in the bathroom can be effectively eliminated,and the dissatisfaction rate is less than 0.5%.Optimization analysis is conducted on the top middle air supply and bottom nearby exhaust scheme.Under the premise of ensuring effective pollutant removal,it is found that the minimum air change rate can be 10h-1,the ratio of air supply to exhaust should be greater than 60%,and the air supply speed should be less than the exhaust speed.