妈祖信仰的视觉呈现——以《天津天后宫行会图》为例

Visual Presentation of Mazu Belief——A Case Study of"Tianjin Tianhou Temple Procession Painting"

妈祖信仰源远流长,与人们日常生活息息相关。天津虽地处北方,但妈祖信仰者众多,分散在各个阶层,分布城乡的天妃宫、天后宫、娘娘庙等是祭祀和崇拜妈祖的公共场域。其中,天津天后宫作为中国三座著名祭祀妈祖的场所之一,每逢妈祖诞辰都要巡游行会。在清朝这一民俗活动因为得到统治者的肯定,因此改称皇会。《天津天后宫行会图》为清朝天津民间画师所绘,以艺术的笔触描绘出恢宏的皇会盛景,为图文互观、互证、互释妈祖敬仰者及其组织者的节日狂欢创造了条件。本文借助田野调查和口述访谈,丰富、完善相关《天津天后宫行会图》的内容信息则有助于深化妈祖文化的在地化与继承发展研究,与此同时也进行跨学科视域下相关妈祖信俗的问题探讨。

The belief in Mazu has a long history and is closely related to people's daily lives.Despite being located in the northern region,Tianjin has a large number of Mazu believers who are scattered across various social classes.Temples such as Tianfei Temple,Tianhou Temple,and Niangniang Temple are public spaces where Mazu is worshipped and revered in both urban and rural areas.Among them,Tianhou Temple in Tianjin is one of the three famous places in China for the worship of Mazu,and it holds processions and ceremonies during Mazu's birthday.During the Qing Dynasty,this folk activity was officially recognized and renamed as"Huanghui"(Imperial Assembly)."Tianjin Tianhou Temple Procession Painting"was created by a folk painter in Tianjin during the Qing Dynasty.With artistic strokes,it depicts the grand scenes of the Huanghui,providing a visual representation that complements the understanding,interpretation,and celebration of Mazu's believers and organizers.This study utilizes field surveys and oral interviews to enrich and enhance relevant information,contributing to the in-depth research on the localization,inheritance,and development of Mazu culture.Furthermore,it explores research questions on the belief in Mazu from an interdisciplinary perspective.