脂肪源性间充质干细胞免疫调节作用的研究与应用

Research and application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in immune regulation

脂肪源性间充质干细胞(ADSC)因其存量丰富、易于获取、免疫原性低等特点,已经成为近年来再生医学和干细胞领域的研究热点。ADSC不仅能与T细胞、巨噬细胞和B细胞等免疫细胞作用而直接参与调节免疫系统,还能通过分泌可溶性细胞因子,如白介素、生长因子和细胞外囊泡等进行间接调节。ADSC的免疫调节作用已经在多项体内、外实验中得到证实,也已被尝试应用于临床治疗多种免疫相关性疾病并取得良好效果,如硬皮病、系统性红斑狼疮和特应性皮炎等。该文就ADSC免疫调节作用的直接机制、间接机制以及临床应用进行总结,并对其研究方向与应用前景进行展望。

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell(ADSC)has become a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine and stem cells in recent years because of its rich stock,easy access and low immunogenicity.ADSC can regulate immune system not only directly by interacting with immune cells,such as T cells,macrophages and B cells,but also indirectly via secreting soluble cytokines,such as interleukin(IL),growth factors and extracellular vesicles.Meanwhile,the immunomodulatory effects of ADSC have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments and applied to treat various of immune-related diseases with good results,such as systemic scleroderma,systemic lupus erythematosus and atopic dermatitis,etc.In this article,the direct and indirect immunomodulatory mechanisms and clinical applications of ADSC are described,its research direction and application prospect are also prospected.