大连地区2022—2023年冬春季呼吸道感染病原谱分析

Respiratory pathogen spectrum in winter and spring from 2022 to 2023 in Dalian

目的了解大连地区2022—2023年冬春季呼吸道感染病原体分布情况,为呼吸道传染病防控提供实验室依据。方法收集2022年10月至2023年3月的流感样病例咽拭子标本,采用荧光定量PCR对每月的10份标本进行22种急性呼吸道感染常见病原体核酸检测,并对检测结果进行分析。结果60份标本中病原体阳性共54份(90.00%),分别检出12种呼吸道病原体,包括肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、甲型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、新型冠状病毒、铜绿假单胞菌、人偏肺病毒、呼吸道腺病毒、肺炎克雷伯菌、人鼻病毒、肠道病毒、人博卡病毒,其中肺炎链球菌阳性31份,检出率最高(51.67%)。60份标本中同时检出2种以上病原体的有21份(35.00%),其中肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌同时阳性的10份,在混合感染标本中占比最高(47.62%)。按时间顺序,2022年10月至2023年3月各月检出率最高的病原体依次是肺炎链球菌、呼吸道合胞病毒、新型冠状病毒、肺炎链球菌、肺炎链球菌、甲型流感病毒,各月均有肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌检出。结论大连地区2022—2023年冬春季除了有新型冠状病毒和流感病毒流行外,还存在肺炎链球菌、呼吸道合胞病毒等多种病原体引起的单一病原感染和混合感染,其中混合感染占比较高。

Objective To learn the distribution of respiratory pathogens in the winter and spring of 2022 and 2023 in Dalian,and provide laboratory basis for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.Methods Ten swab samples of influenza like cases were collected every month from October 2022 to March 2023,and 22 common pathogens causing acute respiratory infection were detected using real time PCR.Results A total of 54(90.00%)out of the 60 samples were positive,and 12 respiratory pathogens were detected,including Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,Influenza A virus,Respiratory syncytial virus,SARS-Cov-2,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Human metapneumovirus,Respiratory adenovirus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Human rhinovirus,Enterovirus and Human bocaparvovirus,of which 31 were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae,with the highest detection rate(51.67%).Among the 60 samples,21(35.00%)were positive for more than two pathogens simultaneously,of which 10 were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae simultaneously,accounting for the highest proportion of mixed infection samples(47.62%).The pathogens with the highest monthly detection rate in chronological order from October 2022 to March 2023 were Streptococcus pneumoniae,respiratory syncytial virus,SARS-Cov-2,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,and influenza A virus.Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae had been detected in each month.Conclusion In the winter and spring of 2022 and 2023,in addition to the prevalence of SARS-Cov-2 and Influenza virus,there are also single pathogen infection and multiple pathogen co-infection caused by the prevalence of multiple pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Respiratory syncytial virus.The proportion of mixed infection caused by multiple pathogens is relatively high.