《巴黎协定》国际碳交易机制的制度嬗变与相应挑战

Institutional Evolution and Corresponding Challenges of the International Carbon Trading Mechanism Under the Paris Agreement

《巴黎协定》国际碳交易机制发生了巨大的嬗变并给相关制度设计带来了相应挑战。首先,其主体范围从局部参与扩大到全球参与,使得双重核算风险增加并牺牲了可惩罚性。其次,其减排目标由短期静态的绝对数量目标向长期动态的国家自主贡献加强转变,从而较难形成“自上而下”国际层面的总量控制并可能会产生反向的不正当激励。再次,减排指标由同一性转变为多样性,给建立稳健统一的会计核算规则带来了巨大挑战。最后,其价值取向从京都三机制侧重经济性转向侧重环境完整性,对《巴黎协定》国际碳交易机制如何平衡经济灵活性与更加严格的环境完整性要求带来挑战。

The international carbon trading mechanism of the Paris Agreement has undergone significant changes and brought corresponding challenges to the design of relevant systems.First,its scope expands from regional to global participation,increasing the risk of double accounting and sacrificing punishabil-ity.Second,the shift from short-term static absolute quantitative targets to strengthening long-term dy-namic Nationally Determined Contributions makes it more difficult to create“top-down”aggregate control at the international level and may create perverse incentives.Third,the shift from homogeneity to diversity of emission reduction targets poses a significant challenge to the establishment of robust and uniform ac-counting rules.Finally,its value orientation shifts from a focus on economics in the Kyoto carbon trading mechanism to a focus on environmental integrity,challenging how the international carbon trading mechanism of the Paris Agreement balances economic flexibility with more stringent environmental integrity require-ments.