受欺负、欺负容忍及认知情绪调节策略对儿童青少年焦虑抑郁的影响

Effects of victimization,bullying tolerance on anxiety/depression in adolescentsand moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies

目的分析受欺负、欺负容忍与儿童青少年焦虑抑郁的关系及认知情绪调节策略对欺负容忍影响焦虑抑郁的调节效应,为进行干预提供依据。方法2019年1月—2020年7月,采用儿童欺负问卷、中小学生欺负容忍问卷、认知情绪调节问卷中文版和28项一般健康问卷对1768名儿童青少年学生进行测查。结果儿童青少年学生受欺负现象较为普遍,受言语欺负、关系欺负和身体欺负的比例分别为57.64%(1019/1768)、36.60%(647/1768)和22.40%(396/1768)。不同性别(t=2.00)、学段(F=101.38)和学习成绩(F=27.91)儿童青少年焦虑抑郁得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受欺负、欺负容忍正向预测效应焦虑抑郁(β=0.14、0.13,P<0.01)。积极策略、消极策略对欺负容忍与焦虑抑郁关系具有调节作用(β=-0.10、0.08,P<0.01)。简单斜率分析结果表明,高积极策略水平上欺负容忍对焦虑抑郁无预测效应(P>0.05),而低积极策略水平上欺负容忍正向预测焦虑抑郁(β=0.28,P<0.01);高消极策略水平上欺负容忍正向预测焦虑抑郁(β=0.25,P<0.01),而低消极策略水平上欺负容忍对焦虑抑郁则无预测效应(P>0.05)。结论受欺负、欺负容忍正向预测儿童青少年焦虑抑郁,高积极策略和低消极策略能有效抑制欺负容忍对焦虑抑郁的风险而低积极策略和高消极策略则会放大欺负容忍对焦虑抑郁的风险。

Objective To explore the relationship of victimization,bullying tolerance and anxiety/depression in adolescents,and to examine the moderating effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between bullying tolerance and anxiety/depression,in order to provide basis for intervention.Methods From January 2019 to July 2020,1768 adolescents were selected into this survey,and completed Bully/Victim Questionnaire,Primary and Secondary School Bullying Tolerance Questionnaire,Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the 28 General Health questionnaires.Results Adolescents'victimization was relatively common and serious,the proportion of verbal bullying,relational bullying,and physical bullying was 57.64%(1019/1768),36.60%(647/1768),and 22.40%(396/1768),respectirely.The scores of anxiety and depression of adolescents with different gender(t=2.00),school stage(F=101.38)and academic performance(F=27.91)were statistically significant(P<0.05).Victimization and bullying tolerance had predictive effect on adolescents'anxiety/depression(β=0.14,0.13,P<0.01).Positive strategies,negative strategies had significant moderating effects on the relationship between bullying tolerance and anxiety/depression(β=-0.10、0.08,P<0.01).The simple slope analysis showed that at high positive strategy level,bullying tolerance had no significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression(P>0.05),while at a low positive strategy level,bullying tolerance had significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression(β=0.28,P<0.01).At a high negative strategy level,bullying tolerance had a significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression(β=0.25,P<0.01),while at a low negative strategy level,bullying tolerance had no significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression(P>0.05).Conclusions Victimization and bullying tolerance positively predict adolescent anxiety/depression.High levels of positive and low levels of negative strategies effectively inhibit the risk of anxiety/depression,while low levels of positive and high levels of negative strategies amplify the risk of anxiety/depression.