玉米杂交种花丝活力及其结实性动态研究

Study on the Dynamics of Filament Vigor and Seed Setting of Maize Hybrids

为了明确玉米杂交种花丝活力及不同日龄花丝结实率的动态变化规律,更好的为玉米育种和玉米生产提供理论依据。本研究选用玉米杂交种‘永优1573’、‘永优1583’和‘郑单958’为试验材料,测定其花丝日吐丝数量和吐丝长度、不同日龄花丝结实率和授粉果穗穗部性状等相关指标。结果显示玉米杂交种日吐丝数量呈快增-慢增的变化趋势,日吐丝长度峰值在吐丝第2天。随着吐丝日数增加,授粉后果穗的穗长、穗粗、穗粒重和结实率基本呈先增后降的动态变化,其中穗粗峰值出现在吐丝第4~5天,穗长、穗粒重和结实率峰值均出现在吐丝的第6~7天,品种间有差异;吐丝第1~4天授粉百粒重均高于对照,有秃尖且逐日减小。研究结果所反映的花丝活力及其授粉结实率的变化规律无论在玉米高效育种还是在大田生产中都具有一定的参考性,从而实现高产的育种目标。

The aim was to clarify the dynamic changes of filaments vigor and the setting rate at different dayages of maize hybrids,and provide a better theoretical basis for maize breeding and production.This study selected maize hybrids‘Yongyou 1573’‘Yongyou 1583’and‘Zhengdan 958’as experimental materials to measure their daily silk production quantity and length,different day-age silk setting rates,and pollination ear traits.The results showed that the daily silking quantity of corn hybrids showed a trend of rapid to slow increase,and the peak of daily silking length was on the second day of silking.As the number of days of silking increases,the dynamic changes of panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle grain weight,and seed setting rate after pollination were basically increasing first and then decreasing.The peak of panicle diameter appeared on the 4th to 5th day of silking,while the peak of panicle length,panicle grain weight,and seed setting rate all appeared on the 6th to 7th day of silking,with differences among varieties;On the 1st to 4th day of silking,the weight of 100 grains pollinated was higher than that of the control,with bald tips and decreasing day by day.The changes in filament vitality and pollination seed setting rate reflected by the research results have certain reference value in both efficient maize breeding and field production,thus achieving the breeding goal of high yield.