不同施氮量对春小麦灌浆速率和产量的影响

Influence of different nitrogen application levels on the grain filling rate and yields of spring wheat

【目的】研究不同施氮量对小麦籽粒灌浆进程的调控效应,分析滴灌条件下春小麦产量的提升潜力,为确定不同品质类型小麦品种适宜施氮量提供理论依据。【方法】以11个新疆审定的春小麦常规品种和1个现阶段正在培育的品系为材料,设置4个施氮水平处理,研究施氮量对不同春小麦品种(系)籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响。【结果】不同施氮水平下小麦籽粒灌浆趋势均呈现为“S”型,随着施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒的干物质积累量达到最高籽粒千粒重后,积累的有效籽粒干物质重不增反降,但下降程度有所减缓。新春6号、新春37号、核春137表现为灌浆强势品种,新春11号、新春21号、新春29号表现为灌浆弱势品种。100 kg/hm^(2)低氮水平下,新春17号和核春615产量达最高水平;200 kg/hm^(2)中氮水平下,新春6号、新春11号、新春26号、新春29号、新春37号、新春39号、核春121和核春514共8个春小麦品种产量达最高水平;300 kg/hm^(2)高氮水平下,核春137和新春21号产量达最高水平。【结论】4个施氮水平下,最大灌浆速率V max与平均灌浆速率Vs均呈极显著正相关,平均灌浆速率Vs与灌浆总天数T均呈负相关。公顷产量Y与千粒重A、最大灌浆速率V max、平均灌浆速率Vs、达到最大灌浆速率所用天数T max、灌浆总天数T均呈正相关。

【Objective】The present study aims to clarify the regulatory effect of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat grain filling process and exploit the potentialities in enhancing the yields of spring wheat under drip irrigation,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the determination of suitable nitrogen application of different quality cultivars.【Methods】In this study,11 conventional varieties approved by Xinjiang and one strain under cultivation were used as test materials,and four kinds of nitrogen level treatment were set to study the effect of nitrogen application on grain filling characteristics and yield of different spring wheat varieties(lines).【Results】The results showed that the trend of grain filling rate of spring wheat under different nitrogen application levels showed an"S"shape.When the accumulated dry matter weight of grain reached grain thousand seed weight,accumulated dry matter weight of productive grain was decreased with the increasing level of nitrogen application.However,the decreasing rate was slower.The results demonstrated that Xinchun 6,Xinchun 37 and Hechun 137 were strong grouting varieties,while Xinchun 11,Xinchun 21 and Xinchun 29 were weak grouting varieties.Under the low nitrogen level of 100 kg/hm^(2),the yield of Xinchun 17 and Hechun 615 reached the highest level.Under the medium nitrogen level of 200 kg/hm^(2),the yield of 8 wheat varieties,namely,Xinchun 6,Xinchun 11,Xinchun 26,Xinchun 29,Xinchun 37,Xinchun 39,Hechun 121 and Hechun 514,reached the highest level.Under the high nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm^(2),the yield of Hechun 137 and Xinchun 21 reached the highest level.【Conclusion】Under 4 different nitrogen application levels,the maximum grain filling rate was positively correlated with the average grain filling rate,and average grain filling rate was negatively correlated with total days of grain filling rate.Grain yields in per hectare was positively correlated with thousand seed weight,maximum grain filling rate,average grain filling rate,days to reach the maximum grain filling rate,and total days of grain filling rate.