不同功能型控释肥料质量安全评价及其对油菜生长效应的影响

Quality and Safety Evaluation of Different Functional Controlled-Release Fertilizers and Their Effects on Rape Growth

针对传统控释肥料难以有效克服农业生产中水资源短缺、次生盐渍化和极端气候威胁等因素导致的肥料利用率低和作物生理性障碍等问题,研发了保水型、促生型、抗盐型等3种区域化作物专用功能型控释肥料。对3种功能型控释肥料中的有毒有害物质含量进行了检测,并通过油菜盆栽和大田小区试验对上述肥料的作物适应性进行了评价。结果表明:3种功能型控释肥料中总砷、总镉、总铅、总铬、总汞和总铊含量满足国家标准《肥料中有毒有害物质的限量要求》(GB 38400—2019)的限量要求;在同等施肥量条件下,3种功能型控释肥料处理的盆栽油菜的叶片数和叶面积均高于常规施肥处理的;在减少施肥量的条件下,施用功能型控释肥料能明显促进田间油菜的生长,以促生型控释肥料的效果较优。

In connection with the difficulties of traditional controlled-release fertilizers in effectively overcoming problems such as low fertilizer utilization and crop physiological disorder caused by water shortage,secondary salinization and extreme climate threat in agricultural production,three kinds of functional controlled-release fertilizers specially designed for regional crops have been developed,including water-retaining fertilizer,growth-promoting fertilizer and salt-resistant fertilizer.The contents of toxic and harmful substance in the three functional controlled-release fertilizers are detected,and the crop adaptability of the above fertilizers is evaluated through potted rape and field plot experiments.The results show that the contents of total arsenic,total cadmium,total lead,total chromium,total mercury and total thallium in the three functional controlled-release fertilizers meet the limitation requirements of the national standard Limitation requirements of toxic and harmful substance in fertilizers(GB 38400-2019).Under the same fertilization rate,the leaf number and leaf area of potted rape treated with the three functional controlled-release fertilizers are higher than those treated with conventional fertilization.Under the condition of reducing the fertilization rate,the application of functional controlled-release fertilizers can significantly promote the growth of field rape,and the effect of growth promoting type controlled-release fertilizer is better.