磷矿中磷灰石及脉石与盐酸反应活性的研究

Study on Reactivity of Apatite and Gangue in Phosphate Rock with Hydrochloric Acid

选用主要组分为磷灰石、石英、白云石的中低品位磷矿与盐酸溶液进行反应,考察了反应后的残渣质量、残渣中P2O5的含量以及残渣的X射线衍射图谱等。结果表明:原料磷矿与5%(体积分数,下同)盐酸溶液反应30 min后,白云石相基本消失,残渣中P2O5的质量分数由27.81%升至29.40%;采用10%的盐酸溶液,磷灰石开始参与反应;采用25%的盐酸溶液反应30 min后,残渣中P2O5的质量分数降至0.13%,磷灰石相基本消失。通过控制盐酸溶液体积分数,可选择性地使原料磷矿中的组分与盐酸溶液反应,达到酸法选矿、避免产生磷尾矿的目的。

Middle and low grade phosphate rock,which are composed of apatite,quartz and dolomite mainly,is selected to react with hydrochloric acid solution.The residue weight,the content of P 2O 5 in residue and the X-ray diffraction pattern of the residue after the reaction are investigated.The results show that after reacting with 5%(volume fraction,the same below)hydrochloric acid solution for 30 minutes,the dolomite phase has almost disappeared,and the mass fraction of P 2O 5 in the residue increases from 27.81%to 29.40%;with 10%hydrochloric acid solution,apatite begins to participate in the reaction;after reacting with 25%hydrochloric acid solution for 30 minutes,the mass fraction of P 2O 5 in the residue decreases to 0.13%,and the apatite phase has almost disappeared.Therefore,by controlling the volume fraction of hydrochloric acid solution,the components of raw phosphate rock can be selectively reacted with hydrochloric acid solution,so as to achieve the purpose of acid beneficiation and avoid the production of phosphate tailings.