月/火着陆制导方法与考虑不确定性的研究进展

Guidance Methods for Lunar/Mars Landing and Advances in Considering Uncertainty

20世纪六七十年代和21世纪后的两轮月/火探测热潮产出了丰硕成果,以Artemis计划、探月工程四期和火星采样返回为代表的新一批任务已拉开帷幕,站在这一特殊历史节点,对月/火着陆制导技术进行综述。首先,阐述了月/火着陆的物理过程,指出了未来复杂探测任务对制导技术的挑战。随后,鉴于轨迹优化这一技术分支近年取得的广泛发展,讨论了其与制导的联系。然后,回顾了月/火探测工程任务的技术遗产,包括多项式制导、动力显式制导、Apollo进入制导、预测校正制导以及凸规划制导。鉴于动力学与环境不确定性的挑战日益突出,讨论了来自人工智能、先进优化与控制等领域的潜在理论工具。最后,面向随时随地、高精度、高可靠、高自主着陆的制导技术发展需求,总结了后续研究方向。

The two booms of lunar/Mars exploration in the 1960s to 1970s and the 21st century have produced fruitful results.Now a new batch of missions,represented by the Artemis Program,the fourth phase of China's Lunar Exploration Program and the Mars sample return,has been launched.At this historical juncture,the development of lunar/Mars landing guidance is reviewed.Firstly,the physical process of the lunar/Mars landing is described,and the challenges of future guidance technology are analyzed.Secondly,considering the extensive progress in the technology branch of trajectory optimization,its relation with guidance is discussed.Subsequently,the technological legacies of engineering missions are reviewed,including polynomial guidance,powered explicit guidance,Apollo entry guidance,predictor-corrector guidance and convex programming guidance.Given the increasing challenges of dynamical and environmental uncertainties,potential tools from the fields of artificial intelligence,advanced optimization and control are discussed.Finally,aiming at the requirements of anytime and anywhere,high-precision,high-reliability and high-autonomy landing,subsequent research focuses are summarized.