论中国未成年人网络保护法律制度体系的改进

On the Legal System of China's Online Protection for Minors and Improvement

2023年9月,国务院审议通过《未成年人网络保护条例》,对网络保护制度进行了体系化的再造,中国未成年人网络保护法律制度体系基本形成。从内在结构看,该体系由纵向体系的三大法律层级和横向体系的四大制度单元精巧衔接、有机耦合而成,未成年人网络素养促进等制度单元基本涵盖了未成年人网络保护的主要领域。在生成机理上,该体系以化解网络风险为逻辑起点,以最有利于保护未成年人为主要原则,坚持自然亲权与国家亲权相协调,最大化发挥技术治理手段的保护功能,并以网络平台为重心,推动侵害未成年人权益的网络问题的多方共治。中国未成年人网络保护法律制度体系在施行中取得了显著的保护成效,实现了以体系化法律制度应对体系化网络风险的目标,但仍未臻完善,主要体现在法律规范衔接互动还存在不足,部分制度施行存在效果偏差等方面。中国未成年人网络保护法律制度体系的完善,应强化保护理念,完善配套法规,调试制度适用,寻求未成年人网络保护最优的处理方案。

In September 2023,the State Council has passed the Regulations on the Online Protection of Minors,which systematized and revamped the online protection system and promoted the basic formation of China's legal system for the online protection of minors.From the internal structure,the system is composed of three legal levels of the vertical system and four institutional units of the horizontal system,minors network literacy promotion and the other three institutional units basically cover the main areas of minors'online protection.In terms of generation mechanism,the system takes resolving cyber risks as the logical starting point,takes the principle of most beneficial to minors as the main driving force,adheres to the coordination of natural parental right with the principle of parens patriae,maximizes the protective function of techni-cal governance measures,and focuses on the online platform to promote multi-party co-governance.China's legal sys-tem for the online protection of minors has achieved significant protective effects in its implementation,achieving the goal of responding to systemic cyber risks with a systematized legal system,but it has not been perfected,mainly reflected in the lack of interaction among legal norms,and issues in the implementation of some systems.It is necessary to optimize the protection concept,improve the supporting regulations,adjust the application of the system,and seek the most ideal solu-tion for the online protection of minors.