政策执行中“一刀切”的产生逻辑:基于策略行动场域理论的解释

The Logic of“One Size Fits All”in Policy Implementation:An Explanation Based on the Theory of Strategic Action Fields

探究政策执行“一刀切”的产生逻辑,对提高政策执行力、实现政策目标具有重要意义。从策略行动场域理论出发,政策执行“一刀切”现象是政策场域、组织场域与前线场域互动产生的结果。在政策场域,中央政府通过制定政策规划和政策执行动员的社交技能与中间层政府、基层政府互动,为“一刀切”提供了制度性空间。在组织场域,中间层政府通过政策上传下达与政策执行动员的社交技能与中央政府、基层政府互动,为“一刀切”带来了结构性压力。在前线场域,基层政府通过选择执行措施的社交技能与中央政府、中间层政府互动,为“一刀切”提供了策略选择空间。在考核压力大与过程约束小、治理难度大与执行资源少的双重张力下,基层政府为避责与邀功而采取政策执行“一刀切”行为。

Exploring the logic of"one size fits al"in policy implementation is of great significance for improving policy execution and achieving policy goals.Starting from the theory of strategic action field,the"one size fits all"policy implementation is the result of the interaction among policy field,organizational field,and frontline field.In the policy field,the central government interacts with intermediate and grassroots governments through social skills mobilized through policy planning and implementation,providing institutional space for a"one size fits all"approach.In the organizational field,the middle level government interacts with the central and grassroots governments through social sklls of policy transmission and mobilization,bringing structural pressure to the"one size fits all"approach.In the frontline field,grassroots governments interact with the central and middle level governments by selecting social skills to implement measures,providing strategic choices for a"one size fits all"approach.In the dual tension of high assessment pressure and low process constraints,high governance dificulty,and limited execution resources,grassroots units adopt a"one size fits all"approach to avoid responsibility and invite credit.