拜登政府的激进社会文化政策及其国内博弈

The Biden Administration's Radical Social and Cultural Policies and Their Controversies

随着美国人口结构日益多元、族裔冲突加剧、社会“自由化”趋势加快,美国左翼势力的影响日益壮大,这加剧了保守派对美国文化传统不保的担忧,并使民主、共和两党党争和社会文化冲突更趋激烈。面对白人至上主义显著回潮、民主党建制派影响力日趋下降的局面,拜登执政后颁布了诸多激进社会文化政策,继续推进多元文化主义以扩大选民基本盘。这些政策主要聚焦于种族、移民和性别三个方面,涉及撤销特朗普政府的相关行政令、资助推进以“批判种族理论”为核心的历史教学,加大对少数族裔的救济;撤销“禁穆令”,提出全面的移民改革法案,完善合法移民系统及边境处理和庇护程序,增加难民接收配额;推出全面的性别平等和平权战略,反击对性别身份和性取向的歧视。保守派在舆论、社会组织、国会及州立法和司法等层面对其政策进行了全面抵制和反击。未来两党的对抗还将持续,保守派能否逆转美国社会的“自由化”趋势,会否接受民主党的某些政策理念,将主要取决于美国社会、经济和政治的演变。

With increasing demographic diversity,intensifying ethnic conflicts and the accelerating trend of social“liberalization”,the influence of the American left has continuously grown.This hasheightened conservative concerns about the erosion of American cultural traditions and has exacerbated Democratic-Republican party rivalries and socio-cultural conflicts.In response to a significant resurgence of white supremacy and the declining influence of the Democratic Party establishment,the Biden administration has enacted a series of radical social and cultural policies to further promote multiculturalism in order to expand its voter base.These policies mainly focus on race,immigration and gender issues.On race issues,the Biden administration has revoked certain executive orders of the Trump administration,funded history education centered around“Critical Race Theory”,and increased aid to minority groups;on immigration,the administration has repealed the“Muslim ban”,proposed a comprehensive immigration reform bill to improve the legal immigration system,border processing and asylum procedures,and raised the refugee admission quota;on gender,the administration has launched comprehensive strategies for gender equality and civil rights to combat discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation.Conservatives have resisted and countered the Biden administration's social and cultural policies across the board,in terms of public opinion,social organizations,congressional and state legislation,and the judiciary.The confrontation between Democrats and Republicans will certainly continue in the future.To what extent the conservatives can reverse the trend of liberalization in American society or accept some of the Democratic Party's policy ideas will depend on the broader evolution of America's social,economic,and political landscapes.