论《桃花扇》的史料来源与编写策略——以《桃花扇考据》为中心的考察

The Historical Sources and Compiling Strategies of The Peach Blossom Fan:An Investigation Centered on Textual Research on The Peach Blossom Fan

《桃花扇考据》是《桃花扇》的“副文本”,它是孔尚任创作此剧的史料清单,蕴涵着《桃花扇》成书环节的丰富信息。从《考据》可以看到,孔尚任以《樵史通俗演义》为主体搭建“南明兴亡”线索的故事框架,以余怀《板桥杂记》和侯方域、吴伟业等明清之际文人别集史料构筑“侯李离合”线索的情节脉络。《考据》显示孔尚任特别重视柳敬亭、苏昆生等人的相关事迹,让这些“小人物”参与到“大历史”中去,构建不同层次人群共同推动历史进程的叙事格局,丰富了历史剧叙事的手段,将中国古代历史剧编写艺术提升至新的境界。

Tertual Research on The Peach Blossom Fan is a paratext of The Peach Blossom Fan.Listing the his-torical sources for Kong Shangren's creation,Tertual Research contains rich information about the writing process of The Peach Blossom Fan.It reveals that the story frame of The Peach Blossom Fan is based on the Popular Romance of Qiaoshi,whereas the main plot is borrowed from Yu Huai's Miscellanies of Banqiao and historical materials col-lected by Hou Fangyu,Wu Weiye and other literatus between Ming and Qing Dynasties.It also shows that Kong Shangren paid special attention to the relevant deeds of Liu Jingting and Su Kunsheng,allowing these ordinary people to participate in the grand history.This narrative pattern that involves people from all walks of life to jointly advance the historical process has enriched the narrative means of ancient Chinese historical drama and elevated it to a new realm.