中国绘画在苏联——以20世纪中期两次展览的苏方评论为视点

Chinese Paintings in the Soviet Union:From the Perspective of Soviet Comments on Two Exhibitions in the Mid-20th Century

1940年、1950年在苏联举办的两次“中国艺术展览会”中,苏方文艺界对中国绘画尤为关注,相关评论体现出苏方对中国古今绘画的文化认知及政治认同。相隔10年的两次赴苏展览,其办展主体虽有不同,但都是关键历史时刻的国家行为,且在展览主题、展品组成及学术互动上存在延续性和一致性。两次“艺展”的苏方评论,不仅成为中国绘画日后参习苏联模式的理论起点,也作为必不可少的外部视点加深了中国画家对自身文化传统和民族特色的理解,甚至对20世纪50年代后期中国绘画走上民族化发展道路具有启示意义。

The China Art Exhibitions held in the Soviet Union in 1940 and 1950 garnered great attention from Soviet literary and art circles,whose comments reflected the Soviet Union's cultural understanding and political recognition of ancient and modern Chinese paintings.Despite different hosts,the two exhibitions were both held by China at key historical periods,and were consistent in terms of themes,exhibit structures and academic interactions.The Soviet comments on the two exhibitions not only became a basic theory for Chinese artists to learn from the Soviet model,but also,as necessary external views,deepened Chinese painters'understanding of Chinese culture and tradition and national characteristics,and even inspired Chinese artists'efforts to create paintings with national characteristics in the late 1950s.