自主决策武器国际法规制的逻辑、困境与路径

Logic,Dilemma,and Path of International Legal System for Autonomous Decision-making Weapons

自主决策武器的出现、扩散和实践化均冲击了现行的国际法体系,引发了国家力量对比,影响了国际安全。在实战中还会与国际法中马尔顿条款所倡导的“人道原则”“公众良知”的精神背道而驰,且自主决策武器具有“交战者”和武器装备的双重身份使其违法责任事实难以追究。有必要在国际法框架下加快对国际法修订禁止或限制自主决策武器研发和使用,建立各国完善新型武器法律审查机制和科学责任追究机制,确保军事必要与人道要求的动态平衡。

The emergence,proliferation,and practice of autonomous decision-making weapons have impacted the current international legal system,triggered a balance of power among nations,and affected international security.In actual combat,it also runs counter to the spirit of"humanity principles"and"public conscience"advocated by the Malton Clause in international law,and autonomous decision-making weapons have dual identities as"belligerents"and weapons and equipment,making it difficult to investigate the liability for their violations.It is necessary to accelerate the prohibition or restriction of the research and development and use of autonomous decision-making weapons under the framework of international law,and establish a comprehensive legal review mechanism and scientific accountability mechanism for new weapons in various countries to ensure a dynamic balance between military necessity and humanitarian requirements.