全球生产网络出口位置如何影响企业创新?

How Does the Global Production Network Export Position Affect Enterprise Innovation?

本文基于2000—2014年(不含2010年)CEPII-BACI数据库、中国海关数据库、中国工业企业数据库和国家知识产权局专利数据库,采用双向固定效应模型实证研究了中国企业全球生产网络出口位置对企业创新的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示:全球生产网络出口位置提升对企业创新有促进作用;内资企业、中高技术水平行业企业、一般贸易企业和低需求市场集中度企业全球生产网络出口位置提升对企业创新的促进作用更明显;全球生产网络出口位置提升通过信息溢出效应、规模效应和竞争效应促进企业创新。在加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局和加快实施创新驱动发展战略的背景下,厘清全球生产网络出口位置与企业创新的因果关系具有一定的现实意义。

The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out that we should adhere to the core position of innovation in China’s overall modernization,and accelerate the implementation of the innovation⁃driven strategy.To carry out technological innovation,it is far from enough for enterprises to only rely on their own strength,and they need to make full use of external information technology and market resources.The 14th Five⁃Year Plan clearly states that China will implement an active export policy in the next five years.Active export policies can accelerate the integration of enterprises into the global production network and enhance the export position of enterprises in the global production network.Do active export policies help implement innovation⁃driven development strategies?Whether and how does a firm’s export position in the global production network affect its innovation?Using CEPII⁃BACI Database,China Customs Database,Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database and China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Database from 2000 to 2014,this paper studies the influence of improvement of global production network export position on enterprise innovation and its mechanism.The results show that improvement of global production network export position promotes enterprise innovation;the promotion of export position of domestic enterprises,enterprises in medium technology level industries,general trade enterprises and enterprises with low demand market concentration has a more significant promoting effect on innovation;and improvement of global production network export position promotes enterprise innovation through the information spillover effect,scale effect and competition effect.The marginal contribution of this paper can be summarized in the following three aspects.Firstly,most of existing studies discuss its impact on innovation from the perspective of the export scale of intermediate goods or the diversity of the export destinations of intermediate goods.After enterprises embed themselves in the global production network through the export of intermediate goods,ignoring the network characteristics will lead to some issues that cannot be fully studied,such as the test of information spillover effect mechanism and competition effect mechanism.Secondly,global production network export position is measured by using the degree index of social network analysis.The research methods in the field of social network are applied to the global production network,enriching the research tools of the global production network.Thirdly,this paper uses the HS96 version of the CEPII database from 2000 to 2014 to build a global production network of 3198 kinds of 6⁃digit intermediate goods trade data from 97 economies in the world,and calculates the export position of enterprise in the global production network.This is more microscopic and more specific than most of the studies examining the relationship between network position and innovation at the national or product level.