初中STEM课程中元认知能力培养的策略研究

Research on Strategies of Metacognition Cultivation in Junior High School STEM Courses

STEM教育具有多学科整合、基于项目的协作学习和真实的问题解决情境等学科特征。然而,对于习惯于传统教学方法的学生来说,由于缺乏系统的认知能力和调节能力,容易导致STEM教育的教学效果不佳。元认知能力是建立在一定的元认知知识和情感的基础上,对自身认知活动进行调节和控制的高级能力。有研究表明,培养学生的元认知能力可以提高其在STEM教育中的学习能力、学习成绩和学习效果。然而,现有研究大多将某个策略应用到STEM教育中培养元认知能力,或者聚焦于元认知能力某一维度的培养,缺乏系统全面的元认知能力培养策略。因此,本研究根据元认知的结构和STEM教育的特点,提出了在STEM教育中全面系统地培养元认知能力的策略模型。而后,本研究通过准实验研究法验证以上策略的应用效果,在STEM课程中,实验组采用元认知培养策略,对照组采用传统方法进行教学。根据问卷数据的ANCOVA分析结果,得出以下结论:①元认知培养策略可以有效提高学生的元认知能力,包括元认知知识、元认知经验和元认知监控;②元认知培养策略可以促进学生的学习成绩和知识获取。

STEM education is characterized by disciplinary features such as multidisciplinary integration,project-based collaborative learning and authentic problem-solving situations.However,for students who are accustomed to traditional teaching methods,the lack of systematic cognitive ability and regulation ability can easily lead to poor teaching and learning in STEM education.Metacognitive ability is an advanced ability to regulate and control one’s own cognitive activities based on certain metacognitive knowledge and emotions.Some studies have shown that cultivating metacognitive ability can improve learning ability,learning performance and learning effect in STEM education.However,most of the existing studies apply a certain strategy to cultivate metacognitive ability in STEM education or focus on the cultivation of a certain dimension of metacognition,which has a limited cultivation effect and lacks a systematic and comprehensive strategy to cultivate metacognition.Therefore,based on the structure of metacognition and the characteristics of STEM education,this study proposes a strategy model for developing metacognitive ability in STEM education in a comprehensive and systematic way.And then,this study verifies the application effect of the above strategies through the quasi-experimental research method,in which the experimental group adopts metacognition cultivation strategies in STEM courses,and the control group adopts the traditional method for teaching.Based on the results of ANCOVA analysis of the questionnaire data,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)metacognitive cultivation strategies can effectively improve students’metacognitive abilities,including metacognitive knowledge,metacognitive experience,and metacognitive monitoring;and(2)metacognitive cultivation strategies can promote students’academic performance and knowledge acquisition.