NFT数字作品交易行为的“发行属性”与适用规则

The"Issuance Attributes"and Applicable Rules for the Trading Behavior of NFT Digital Works

NFT数字作品交易方兴未艾,但侵权问题频现,亟需合理的规制路径。NFT技术促进数字作品交易客体特定化并产生准物权变动的效果,使NFT数字作品区别于一般数字作品与传统作品,为发行权扩张提供了技术性支撑。但发行权的扩张尚面临诸多困境,包括“有形载体”要件的阻碍、“所有权转移要件”标准不明、发行权与信息网络传播权在数字环境中存在重叠等。基于此,应当厘清数字环境中发行权与信息网络传播权的关系;细化NFT数字作品交易领域的发行权适用标准,完成从“有形载体”到“作品与载体相对应”的转变,明确“出售”及“所有权转移”的认定;以“转让+删除”技术及征收版权转售费作为辅助手段,完成发行权在NFT数字作品交易中的嬗变与适用。

NFT digital works trading is ascending,but infringement problems are frequent.Therefore,a reasonable regulatory path is urgently needed.NFT technology promotes the specificity of the transaction object of digital works and produces the effect of quasi-property rights changes,which distinguishes NFT digital works from general digital works and traditional works and provides technical support for the expansion of issuance rights.The expansion of the right of issuance still faces many difficulties,including obstacles to the requirements of"tangible carriers",unclear criteria for"requirements for transfer of ownership",and overlapping between the right of issuance and the right of dissemination over information networks in the digital environment.Based on these,the relationship between the right of distribution and the right of dissemination over the information network in the digital environment should be clarified.In the meanwhile,refining the applicable standards for the right to issue in the field of NFT digital works trading,completing the transformation from"tangible carrier"to"work corresponding to carrier",and clarifying the determination of"sale"and"ownership transfer"are essential.With the"transfer+deletion"technology and the collection of copyright resale fees as auxiliary means,the transmutation and application of the distribution right in the transaction of NFT digital works will be fulflled.