公司决议无效制度的类型区分与漏洞填补

Type Classification and Loophole Filling of Corporate Resolution Invalidity System

公司决议无效的现有事由、效果和确认无效的具体规则均以决议违反公共利益为前提。但是,无论考察相关学理解释以及实务中的具体裁判,还是基于公司性质和公司机构法定职权配置原理,均可发现内容违法的决议既可能侵犯公共利益,也可能侵犯私人利益,实际上尤其以后者为主。预设前提的不准确导致现有的公司决议无效规则存在漏洞,无法适用于侵犯私人利益型决议。侵犯私人利益型的内容违法决议为相对无效,只能由利益受侵犯的主体主张。在公司利益受侵犯时,公司可由异议股东、董事、监事等代表。主张公司决议相对无效的权利应受除斥期间的限制,起算点为知道或者应当知道决议作出之日;在没有明确规定时,除斥期间可参照类似立法解释为一年。

The presupposition of the reasons,effect and confirmation of invalid resolution,is that the resolution violates the public interest.However,this premise is not accurate.Considering the opinions of academic theory and those of the practice,and based on the theory of corporation's nature and the competencies of the organs,it can be found that illegal resolutions may infringe on both public interests and private interests,especially the latter one.The inaccuracy of this premise leads to loopholes in the existing invalid resolution rules,which cannot be applied to resolutions that infringe upon private interests.Illegal resolutions that infringe on private interests lead to relative invalidity,which can only be claimed by those whose interests have been violated.When the interests of the corporations are infringed,the corporation may be represented by dissenting shareholders,directors,supervisors,etc.The right to claim relative invalidity is restricted by the prescription,which is calculated from the day when the resolutions are known or should have been known to be adopted;and if there were no clear provisions,the length of the period could be interpreted as one year in accordance with similar legislation.