泰国华文教育经验与中华文化认同建构——基于泰北美斯乐乡的调查研究

Experience of Chinese Education and Construction of Chinese Cultural Identity in Thailand:Case Study Based on Research in Mae Salong Township in Northern Thailand

随着全球化及“一带一路”建设的发展,泰国华人华文教育和中华文化认同发生了很大变化。在此背景下,对泰国北部最大华人社区美斯乐乡的华人及其家庭成员的语言生活、语言教育及中华文化认同等情况进行田野调查。研究发现,从20世纪中期至今,美斯乐乡华文教育经历了起步、骤变、复兴三个阶段。由于各阶段教育内容与教育效果不同,在华语认同与中华文化认同两个层面产生了代际差异,从第一代华人到第三代华人对于这两个层面的认同逐渐降低但幅度较小。美斯乐华人在中华文化认同方面也呈现代际差异,老一代华人更偏向情感认同,主要体现在对民俗文化的传承上;而新生代华人更偏向工具认同,尤其注重网络文化层面。建议从增加中外教育合作交流机会、拓宽民间华人联系渠道、加强中华文化符号建设三个方面,建构海外新生代华人对中华文化的认同。

With globalization and the development of the“Belt and Road”initiative,Chinese language education and Chinese cultural identity among Chinese in Thailand have undergone significant changes.Under this background,this research conducted field study on the language life,language education,and Chinese cultural identity of the Chinese Thai and their family members in Mae Salong,the largest Chinese community in northern Thailand.The study finds that Mae Salong’s Chinese language education has experienced three stages:emergence,sudden change,and revival since the mid-20th century.Due to the different educational content and effects in each stages,generational differences have emerged regarding Chinese language and cultural identities from the first generation of Chinese Thai to the third generation of Chinese Thai.Mae Salong’s Chinese Thai also exhibit diverse and differentiated characteristics in Chinese cultural identity.The older generation of Chinese Thai emphasizes more on emotional identification,mainly reflected in the inheritance of folk culture.In comparison,the younger generation of Chinese Thai tends more towards instrumental identification,particularly in aspect of online culture.The article proposes to build the recognition of the new generation of overseas Chinese by increasing the opportunities of Chinese and foreign educational cooperation and exchange,broadening the contact channels of local Chinese Thai,and strengthening the construction of Chinese cultural symbols.