勇德:中国武术“立德树人”的根本指向

Virtue of Courage:The Fundamental Orientation of"Fostering Virtue through Education"in Chinese Wushu

立德树人是教育的根本任务,完成这一根本任务的重中之重是要守正创新、夯基固本立德树人的中国话语。文章采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,以武术教育的时代契合为出发点,以德性条目中勇德的内在维度为切入点。研究指出:武术勇德作为一种生命能,它不是特定条目的形式之勇,而是由之形成的见义勇为、敢于担当的主体德性的表现,它始终被限定为完成智、仁而生发出“依自不依他”的顽强意志品质。经历了性格特征以及行为方式的自然之勇,在注入“仁”“义”“礼”等伦理内涵后,逐渐走向道德德性,它趋于终极存在的生命精神。勇德作为武术教育的根本指向,其思想意蕴主要体现在,心性之勇为“敢直其身,敢行其意”的德性之维;气力之勇为“浩然之气,勇武之魂”的生命之维;仁义之勇为“独善其身,兼济天下”的君子之维。武术勇德的当代启示在于要重塑“身体作为成长的教育起点”的武术本体认知;夯实“文明其精神,野蛮其体魄”的武术教育理念;厚植“英雄形象与日常生活交织”的武术育人沃土。

Fostering virtue through education is the fundamental task of education,and the most important thing to complete this task is to stick to the Chinese discourse of innovation,solid foundation and moral education.Using the methods of literature and logical analysis,this paper takes Wushu education in the new era as the starting point to examine the virtue of courage from the perspective of virtue cultivation.The research concludes that as a kind of life energy,virtue of courage in Wushu does not have a fixed form of courage,but exhibits the subject's virtue of acting bravely for justice and shouldering responsibilities.It is in fact a virtue of"relying on oneself rather than others"through perfecting one's wisdom and benevolence.By injecting"benevolence","righteousness"and"rituals"into the natural courage of personality and behavior,the virtue of courage gradually evolves into a moral virtue and becomes a life spirit of ultimate existence.As the fundamental orientation of Wushu education,virtue of courage has the following implications:in moral dimension,it embodies the ideology of"dare to straight oneself and do one's will";in life dimension,it embodies the strength of"noble and brave spirit";in value dimension,it embodies the virtue of"keeping aloof and helping the world".The contemporary enlightenment of Wushu courage lies in reconstructing the ontological cognition of Wushu that"body is the starting point of education for growth",consolidating the ideology of Wushu education that"sharpens the mind and toughens the body",and fostering the fertile ground of Wushu education that"interweaves hero image into daily life".