13—18世纪西欧兵击运动演变历程研究

The Historical Evolution Process of Military Sports in Western Europe from 13^(th) to 18^(th) Century

文章以13—18世纪西欧兵击运动演变历程为研究主线,运用历史分析和文献研究等方法,探究该时期西欧兵击运动演变的历史进程。研究发现,西欧兵击运动经历了军事化、市民化、体育化的3种形态,军事化形态的兵击运动与战争关系紧密,后因火器的出现和文艺复兴、宗教改革的共同推进,兵击由战场下移民间。在工业革命、资产阶级新教育体系的牵引下演变为强调规则、公平竞赛的体育竞技项目。兵击运动不同阶段秉持的理念是推动其完成历史转型的内源动力。在这演变历程中,兵击运动表现出的对人的逐渐尊重为西方体育人文主义价值观奠定了思想基础,广泛吸纳自然科学的成果为现代体育精神注入了科技元素,自发运用规则和组织为西方体育现代转型提供给了制度参考,丰富的技术体系为西方格斗对抗类项目多元化发展提供了技术源泉。

With the evolution of military fence in Western Europe from the 13th to 18th centuries as the main line of research,by applying methods such as history analysis and literature research,the paper probes into the course of transition of military fence in Western Europe.The study finds that Western European military fence has experienced three forms of evolution:militarization,citizenization,and sportification.The militarized form of Western European military fence is closely related to war.Later,due to the emergence of firearms and the joint advancement of the Renaissance and religious reforms,military fence were carried out by immigrants on the battlefield.Under the influence of the new education system of the bourgeoisie and the industrial revolution,the Western European military fence has evolved into a sports event that emphasizes rules and fair competition.The concepts that Western European military fence uphold at different stages are the internal driving force that drives them to complete historical transformation.During the evolution process,the gradual respect for people shown in the military fence has laid the ideological foundation for the western sports humanistic values.The extensive absorption of the achievements of natural science has helped to form the modern sports spirit.The spontaneous use of rules and the establishment of organizations provide institutional reference for the modern transformation of western sports.The rich technical system provides a technical source for the diversified development of western fighting.