健全国家公园治理体系,高质量推动世界最大的国家公园体系建设

Improve governance system of national parks,build the world’s largest national park system with high quality

健全国家公园治理体系,是中国高质量建设世界最大国家公园体系的必然要求。文章基于多年国家公园、国家公园体制试点区和候选区调研,剖析了当前中国国家公园治理面临的主要挑战和问题;在中国国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总体逻辑下,借鉴国际上区域性、流域性公共物品和国家公园善治经验,提出建立统筹决策机制、管理执行机制、科学决策与咨询机制、社会参与机制“四位一体”的中国国家公园治理体系理论框架。在此基础上,提出了深化中国国家公园治理体系改革的5项建议:(1)建立统筹决策机制,破解国家公园建设面临的统筹协调难题;(2)深化管理体制改革,建立职责明确、依法行政国家公园政府治理体系;(3)健全多方全过程参与国家公园治理的制度体系,促进共建共治共享;(4)健全科学决策与咨询机制,促进科学决策、民主决策、依法决策;(5)拓宽国家公园空间治理范围,建立和谐共赢的园地关系。

Improving the governance system of national parks is an inevitable requirement for China’s high-quality construction of the world’s largest national park system.This study analyzes the main challenges and problems faced by China’s national park governance based on long-term investigation on national parks and national park system pilot areas.Under the overall logic of modernization of China’s national governance system and governance capabilities,drawing on international experiences in sound governance of regional and watershed public goods and national parks,this study proposes a theoretical framework for establishing a“four in one”national park governance system in China,including a comprehensive decision-making mechanism,a management and execution mechanism,a scientific decision-making and consultation mechanism,and a social participation mechanism.On this basis,five suggestions are proposed to deepen the reform of the national park governance system.(1)Establish a coordinated decisionmaking mechanism to solve the coordination difficulties faced by national park construction.(2)Deepen the reform of the management system,establish a government governance system for national parks with clear responsibilities and legal administration.(3)Improve the institutional system of multi-party participation throughout the entire process to promote collaboration and broad participation in national park system construction.(4)Improve scientific decision-making and consultation mechanisms to ensure scientific,democratic and lawful decision-making.(5)Expand the scope of spatial governance in national parks,promote green development in the surrounding areas of national parks,and establish harmonious relationships between national parks and local governments.