青藏高原国家公园群建设的体制机制

Regime of national park group based on protected area system in Tibetan Plateau

我国国家公园体制改革已进入立足自然保护地体系推进改革的新阶段。第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究国家公园分队在全国率先提出了国家公园面积和功能均占主体、包括国家公园“小群”和“大群”的青藏高原自然保护地体系建设方案。国家公园群要求突出群的整体管理,然而目前青藏高原现有自然保护地在统筹管理方面仍存在问题——不仅表现在单个国家公园内部,也表现在国家公园之间,以及国家公园与其他自然保护地之间。顺应国家公园体制改革的新要求,着眼国家公园群统筹管理面临的问题,提出未来应加快建立跨省域的、国家主导的青藏高原国家公园群管理体制,并同步完善国家公园创建、财政资金保障等有关配套制度;应统筹生态保护和带动当地农牧民同步现代化的多元目标,要让参与管理运营的广大农牧民成为国家公园群的持续受益者和积极拥护者。

China’s national park reform has entered a new stage of promoting reform based on the protected area system.The national park team of the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)took the lead in putting forward the construction plan of the TP protected area,which is dominated by national park in area and function.The TP national park group,including“small group”which refer to national park,and“large group”which refer to different protected areas,innovates the long-term mechanism for the construction of national ecological security barriers on TP.The national park group requires the overall management of the group.Nevertheless,there are still problems on TP,not only within a single national park,but also among national parks and between national park and other protected areas.In line with the new requirements of the reform of the national park,and focusing on the problems of TP protected area system,it is needed to accelerate the establishment of a trans provincial management system led by the central government of the TP national park group,and improve the relevant supporting systems at the same time,such as the establishment of national park and the guarantee of financial funds.It is also necessary to coordinate the multiple objectives of ecological protection and driving the synchronous modernization of local herdsmen.The vast number of herdsmen should participate the management and operation and become the continuous beneficiaries and active supporters of the national park group.