钱江源国家公园森林物种组成和群落结构

Forest species composition and community structure in Qianjiangyuan National Park

全面了解以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系木本植物物种组成,特别是珍稀濒危物种,分析其区系特征及不同植被类型群落结构现状,对国家公园物种保护和不同植被类型恢复具有重要指导意义。基于对钱江源国家公园全域的木本植物调查,详细分析了不同胸径大小级森林植被类型的物种组成、区系特征、种-个体曲线分析和结构特征。调查涵盖313个木本物种,温带分布的科多于热带分布的科(22/35),热带分布的属略少于温带分布的属(28/31);中国特有属7个,特有种101个,中国珍稀保护物种10个,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录的近危、易危和濒危物种17个。在同等取样水平下,物种多样性在常绿阔叶林最高,天然针叶林次之,杉木林最低;全域所有个体及各林型的径级分布总体呈现明显的倒“J”形,群落总体上更新良好。研究发现钱江源国家公园物种丰富,但由于包含较多次生林等植被类型,整体温带多于热带区系成分,亟待采取措施恢复至典型中亚热带常绿阔叶林植被;研究对钱江源国家公园木本植物物种的多样性及其更新情况等科学和保护实践急需解决的基本问题做出了回答,也为未来钱江源国家公园生物多样性保护和恢复提供了科学依据。

In order to protect the ecological environment,it is important to fully know the specific species in the natural reserve system with national parks as the main body,analyze its floristic characteristics and community structure status,which plays an important role in the protection of national park species,especially rare and endangered species.Based on a survey of woody plants in Qianjiangyuan National Park,this study analyzed the species composition,floristic characteristics,species⁃individual curve analysis and structure characteristics of dbh(diameter in breast height)size classes of different forest vegetation types in detail.We found that the survey covered 313 woody species,the families distributed in the temperate zone were more than those distributed in the tropics(22/35),and the genera distributed in the tropics were slightly less than those distributed in the temperate zone(28/31);there were 7 endemic genera in China.There are 101 endemic species,10 rare and protected species in China,and 17 near threatened,vulnerable and endangered species on the IUCN Red List.Under the same number sampling level,the species diversity was the highest in the evergreen broad⁃leaved forest,and the lowest in the fir forest.The distribution of dbh size classes of all individuals in the whole area and different forest types showed an obvious inverted"J"shape,and the Qianjiangyuan forest community generally regenerated well.These studies provided the basic information of rich woody species in Qianjiangyuan National Park,but the families and genus distributed in the temperate zone were more than those distributed in the tropics for more non⁃primary forest included.So we need to take measures to restore the vegetation to the typical evergreen broad⁃leaved forest.Our findings answered the basic questions urgently needed to be solved in scientific and conservation practices,such as the diversity and recruitment of woody species in Qianjiangyuan National Park,and provided a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation in Qianjiangyuan National Park in the future.