论《泰阿泰德》篇对辩证法的应用——基于177c至183c中的两组论证

An Comment on the Application of Dialectics in Theatetus:Two Sets of Arguments in 177c to 183c

在《泰阿泰德》篇177c至183c部分,柏拉图使用辩证法反驳了普罗泰戈拉与赫拉克利特的命题。在对普罗泰戈拉命题的反驳中,柏拉图通过辩证法揭示了矛盾的存在,把握到认识的统一性。这表现在柏拉图运用举例论证,指出只有权威才是认识的尺度,从而驳斥了普罗泰戈拉“人是万物的尺度”的学说,并且把握到在时间流变过程中现在、未来的统一性。此外,柏拉图也应用问答法揭露了赫拉克利特学说中的矛盾。两组论证展示了柏拉图辩证法的不同特点。但是,两组论证都存在概念的对立,这表现出柏拉图辩证法的不彻底性。

In sections 177c to 183c of Theaetetus,Plato used dialectics to refute the propositions of Protagoras and Heraclitus.In refuting the Protagoras proposition,Plato reveals the existence of contradictions and grasps the unity of cognition.This is reflected in Plato's use of examples to argue that only authority is the measure of knowledge,thus refuting the theory of Protagoras that humans are the measure of all things,and grasped the unity of present and future in the process of time flow.In addition,Plato also used the method of question and answer to expose the contradictions in the theory of Heraclitus.Two sets of arguments demonstrate the different characteristics of Platonic dialectics.However,both sets of arguments have conceptual opposition,which demonstrates the incompleteness of Plato's dialectics.