社会主义的平等主义何以消解“三难困境”——G.A.科恩对约瑟夫·卡伦斯伦理方案的辩护与拓展

How Can Socialist Egalitarian Solve the“Trilemma”:on G.A.Cohen's Defense and Extension of Joseph H.Carens'Ethical Solution

在《拯救正义与平等》一书中,G.A.科恩在回应和驳斥罗尔斯主义者为不平等辩护的“帕累托论证”过程中,针对反平等主义的“三难困境”即自由、平等与帕累托最优(效率或福利)何以相容进行了深入的讨论。值得注意的是,科恩并未直接驳斥三难困境,而是把约瑟夫·卡伦斯的伦理解决方案视为消解三难困境的一个例证,并极力为之辩护。在此基础上,科恩借助“平等主义风尚”的伦理承诺,回应了“新三难困境”,进一步拓展了卡伦斯伦理方案中的自由维度。梳理和阐明反平等主义的“三难困境”及其消解方案,进而把握G.A.科恩与卡伦斯的思想的内在关系,有助于我们更好地理解G.A.科恩的社会主义平等主义理论的复杂性。

In Rescuing Justice and Equality,G.A.Cohen carries on a very complex discussion on the“trilemma claim”that equality,freedom of choice and Pareto-optimal(efficiency or welfare)are incompatible,in the process of responding to and refuting the Pareto argument for inequality.It is worth noting that G.A.Cohen does not directly refute the trilemma,but rather firstly invokes and defends Joseph H.Carens'ethical solution,as an exemplification to solve the trilemma.On this basis,G.A.Cohen himself also deals with a new trilemma by means of the ethical commitment to“egalitarian ethos”and expands the freedom dimension of Carens.Exploring the antiegalitarian“trilemma”and its resolution,and further to grasp the internal relationship between G.A.Cohen and Joseph H.Carens'thought,which contributes to make better sense of the complexity of G.A.Cohen's socialist egalitarian.