收入阶层代际传递的基因经济学研究进展

Research Progress on the Genoeconomics about Intergenerational Transmission of Income Class

收入阶层代际传递现象引起学界和社会的高度关注。随着基因科学研究的进步,使用遗传学方法分析经济现象和解读人类行为决策已成为经济学研究关注的前沿议题。本文以收入阶层代际传递影响因素为起点,梳理基因及其环境对收入阶层代际传递因素影响的研究脉络,进而探寻基因在收入阶层代际传递中的作用机制。研究表明,基因对收入阶层代际传递具有基础性的解释力和预测力,而基因与环境的交互作用提供了基因不能独立作用的科学依据,并揭示了基因对收入阶层代际传递的影响是一个包含家庭共享环境和非共享环境的多路径复杂传递系统。未来研究重点是改善低收入群体家庭环境,充分挖掘个体的遗传潜力,拓展环境修饰基因的政策空间,预防基因风险,探索构建精准分类的公共政策体系,为阻断收入不平等代际传递提供理论、实证和政策借鉴。

The phenomenon of intergenerational transmission of income class has aroused great concern in academic circles and society.With the progress of genetic science research,using genetic methods to analyze economic phenomena and interpret human behavior decisions has become a frontier topic in economics.Based on the intergenerational transmission factor of income class,this paper analyzes the lineage of the influence of genes and environment in intergenerational transmission of income class,and then explores the mechanism of genes on intergenerational transmission of income class.The research shows that genes have deep explanatory and predictive power on intergenerational transmission of income class.The genotype-environment interaction provides a scientific basis that genes cannot determine independently.The research reveals that the mechanism of genes in intergenerational transmission of income class is a multi-path and complex system including family shared environment and individual non-shared environment.The focus of future research is improving the family environment of low-income groups and fully exploiting the genetic potential of individuals.We should expand the policy space of environmental modification genes,prevent genetic risks,and explore the construction of public policy systems of accurate classification,so as to provide theoretical,empirical and policy reference for blocking intergenerational transmission of income inequality.