高寒区‘青引1号’燕麦种子产量对氮、磷、钾肥的响应

Seed yield response of‘Qingyin No.1’oats to nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers in the alpine zone

为明确青藏高原高寒地区施用氮、磷、钾肥对‘青引1号’燕麦(Avena sativa‘Qingyin No.1’)种子产量的影响,本研究以‘青引1号’燕麦为研究对象,在青海省西宁市湟中区分别设置氮磷钾单施试验,其中氮肥水平为(N_(0)、N_(30)、N_(45)、N_(60)、N_(75)、N_(90)和N_(105))、磷肥水平为(P_(0)、P_(15)、P_(30)、P_(45)、P_(60)、P_(75)和P_(90))、钾肥水平为(K_(0)、K_(10)、K_(20)、K_(30)、K_(40)、K_(50)和K_(60))。以确定最佳施肥水平,明确不同肥料对燕麦种子增产的效果,完善该品种在种子生产过程中的肥料管理技术,为青海地区燕麦种子生产中肥料的施用配比提供科学指导。结果表明:氮、磷、钾肥分别以60、60和50kg·hm^(-2)处理时种子产量最高,分别达4 358.6、6 285.0和6 729.1 kg·hm^(-2),以钾肥对燕麦种子增产效果最为明显;氮肥可显著提高燕麦小穗数、穗长和千粒重,磷肥可促进燕麦有效分蘖、粒宽和单序籽粒重增加,而钾肥则有助于有效分蘖数、粒长、粒宽、单序籽粒重和千粒重提升;氮、磷、钾肥单施水平下以粒宽和小穗数对种子产量直接效应最大,小花数和粒宽通过对其他产量性状的间接作用对种子产量产生增益效果。高寒地区‘青引1号’燕麦种子生产中,钾肥的施用可有效提高‘青引1号’燕麦种子产量。

To clarify the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer on the seed yield of Avena sativa in the alpine area of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,a single application experiment of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium was set up in Huangzhong District,Xining City,Qinghai Province.Three fertilization levels were used,that is,nitrogen fertilizer levels(N_(0),N_(30),N_(45),N_(60),N_(75),N_(90) and N_(105)),phosphate fertilizer levels(P_(0),P_(15),P_(30),P_(45),P_(60),P_(75) and P_(90)),and potassium fertilizer levels(K_(0),K_(10),K_(20),K_(30),K_(40),K_(50) and K_(60)),to study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on the yield of‘Qingyin No.1’oats.This was conducted with the aim to achieving an optimal fertilization level,improving of the fertilizer management technology of this variety in cultivation,and providing scientific guidance for the application ratio of fertilizer in the production of oat seeds in Qinghai region.The results have shown that nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers were treated with 60,60,and 50 kg·ha^(-1),reaching 4358.6,6285.0,and 6729.1 kg·ha^(-1).Potassium fertilizer had the most pronounced effect on oat seed yield.Nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the number of oat paniclelets,inflorescence length,and thousand kerner weight.Phosphate fertilizer could promote the effective tillering,grain width,and monoseque grain weight of oats.Meanwhile,potassium fertilizer could help increase the effective tiller count,grain length,grain width,monoseque grain weight,and thousand kerner weight.The direct effect of grain width and panicle number on seed yield was the most pronounced at the level of single application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.The number of flowers and grain width had a pronounced gain effect on seed yield through indirect effects on other yield traits.In the seed production of‘Qingyin No.1’oat in high and cold areas,application of potassium fertilizer can effectively increase the seed yield of‘Qingyin No.1’oats.