“互联网+”就业模式下劳动关系认定的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of Labor Relations Determination Under the"Internet+"Employment Model

近十年来,“互联网+”新业态快速发展,加剧了资强劳弱的格局,也加大了对劳动关系从属性的认定难度。以外卖骑手和网络主播为例,司法实务中对新业态劳动关系认定存在的分歧主要聚焦于合同属性、人格从属性、经济从属性和组织从属性等方面。上述分歧产生的根本原因在于新业态以隐性构建方式表面弱化实则强化了劳动关系“从属性”,而实务审查仍拘泥于传统显性构建要素,导致难以公平准确地认定新业态下的劳动关系。因此,破解新业态劳动关系认定困境的关键一是应以用工事实为基础,注重“从属性”标准的实质审查;二是应加强平台与关联企业之间内部关系的信息披露,构建起与社会发展相适应、注重保护劳动者合法权益的社会主义新型劳动关系,促进社会主义新经济的健康良性发展。

In the past decade,the rapid development of the"Internet+"new business form has aggravated the pattern of strong capital and weak labor,and also increased the difficulty of identifying the subordination of labor relation.Taking the take-out rider and network anchor as an example,the differences in judicial practice on the identification of new business labor relation mainly focus on the qualitative attributes of contract,personality subordination,economic subordination and organizational subordination.The fundamental cause of the differences is that a new format,through implicit construction,appears to weaken on the surface but actually strengthens the subordination of labor relations.Practical review still adheres to traditional explicit construction elements,making it difficult to fairly and accurately determine labor relations under the new forms of labor relation.Therefore,the key to solving the dilemma of identifying new business labor relation is to first base on the employment facts and pay attention to the substantive examination of the"subordination"standard;second,strengthen the information disclosure of the internal relationship between the platform and affiliated enterprises,and build a new socialist labor relationship that is compatible with social development and pays attention to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of workers so as to promote the sound development of the new socialist economy.