矮化密植红枣振动式采收机作业参数优化与试验

Optimization and Experiment of Operation Parameters for Dwarfed and Densely Planted Jujube Vibration Harvester

为提高新疆红枣的机械化采收率,针对矮化密植枣树种植和树体的特点,设计研制了基于电动三轮车的小型振动采收机,该机主要由电动三轮小车、振动直流电机、单偏心块、夹持装置等组成;分析振动落果条件,测量不同采收时期红枣与枣枝的连接力,三维建模仿真计算枣树的固有频率;对机具振动电机转速、偏心块重量、夹持高度和激振时长4个因素进行了单因素和正交田间试验,并进行了数据处理。结果表明,当电机转速1140 r/min,偏心块质量650 g,夹持高度300 mm,振动时间9 s,为最优组合,各因素对采收率影响显著强弱顺序依次为夹持高度、振动转速、偏心块重量和振动时长,对最优组合进行了验证试验,采收率平均为90.32%。该研究为矮化密植模式红枣振动采收机设计提供理论依据和技术参考。

To improve the mechanized harvesting rate of jujube in Xinjiang,a small vibration harvester based on an electric tricycle was designed and developed,taking into account the characteristics of dwarf dense planting jujube.The machine mainly consists of electric tricycle,vibration DC motor,single eccentric block,and clamping device.The study analyzed the conditions of vibration fruit falling,measured the connection force of jujube and jujube branches during different harvest periods,and calculated the natural frequency of jujube tree by 3D modeling and simulation.We conducted single-factor and orthogonal field experiments on four factors:machine vibration motor speed,eccentric block weight,clamp height and vibration duration,and processed the data.The results showed that the optimal combination for the highest harvesting efficiency was achieved when the motor speed was 1140 r/min,the eccentric block mass was 650 g,the clamping height was 300 mm,and the vibration duration was 9 s.The study also revealed the sequence of the factors with the significant influence on recovery efficiency is clamping height,vibration speed,weight of eccentric block and vibration duration.The optimal combination is tested and the average harvesting efficiency is 90.32%.Our research provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the design of jujube vibration harvester in dwarf and dense planted orchards.