支持生育的家庭政策何以有效——基于法国和日本经验的研究

Effectiveness of Fertility-supportive Family Policies:A Study Based on the Experiences of France and Japan

法国和日本都实施了鼓励生育的家庭政策,分配大量资源旨在提升生育率,但政策效果截然不同:法国生育率在西方国家首屈一指,而且保持了长期稳定;日本生育率则持续低迷,一直没有起色。从去商品化的现金给付、提升工作家庭平衡和推动性别平等三个视角,可系统对比法国和日本家庭政策的流变历程、投入结构和力度差异,分析生育支持导向的家庭政策在法国和日本发挥作用迥异的原因所在。我国可以此为鉴,多措并举,为家庭提供多样化的选择机制,让整个社会分担家庭生、育、养成本,推进工作家庭平衡和性别平等,让男女分担生育养育的劳务,所有单位分担由生育职工所在单位承担的生育成本。

Both France and Japan have implemented family policies and allocated a lot of resources to in-crease fertility.But the policy effects are completely different.France’s fertility rate is among the highest in the West and has remained stable for a long time,while Japan’s fertility rate continues to be depressed and is difficult to improve.This paper systematically compares the structure,process and input of family policies in France and Japan from three perspectives:cash payment for de-commoditization,improvement of work family balance and promotion of gender equality.The paper analyzes the reasons for why family policies oriented towards fertility support play a very different role in France and Japan.On this basis,policy suggestions are put forward.Families should be provided with a variety of measures to allow society to share the family’s costs in terms of childbirth,upbringing and maintenance of children.And the society should promote the work family balance and gender equality.This involves sharing the labor of childbirth and childcare between men and women,with all entities sharing the costs incurred by the employing units of childbirth-related workers.