性别何以液化:数字劳动中性别展演的双重规训与突围可能

How Gender Gets Liquidated:The Dual Possibility of Discipline and Breakthrough of Gender Performance in Digital Labor

既有研究忽视了短视频平台劳动者的主体性差异,尤其是不同性别劳动者与平台技术之间互动的情况。通过对青年男性美妆博主的网络民族志研究发现,在协同过滤机制、视频化生存、数据制压和主体策展的平台法则下,博主们会通过制造奇观并售卖、行动妥协、投流量与养粉丝的劳动方式来不断适应平台。在现实与虚拟的双重性别规范的规训下,博主的展演会经历性别红利、过曝、共谋、校准四个阶段,最终呈现出“性别液化”的现象,并表现出突围性别本质主义的可能性。性别液化是指个体在算法中介下性别展演的动态适应与重塑过程。“液化”体现在三个维度:个体将绝对的二元性别液化为性别阈值、受众作为数据浸润博主的行动逻辑、平台机制加速并扩张性别展演的流动。

Existing studies have ignored the subjective differences of short video platform workers,espe-cially the interaction between workers of different genders and platform technology.Through the network ethnography of young male beauty bloggers,it is found that under the platform rules of collaborative filte-ring mechanism,video-based existence,data suppression,and subject curation,bloggers adapt to the platform by creating spectacles for sale,compromising their actions,investing in traffic,and cultivating fans.Under the dual discipline of real and virtual gender norms,bloggers experience four stages of gender performance:gender bonus,overexposure,collusion,and calibration,ultimately presenting a phenomenon of“gender liquidation”and showing the possibility of breaking through gender essentialism.Gender liquida-tion refers to the dynamic adaptation and remodeling process of individual gender performance mediated by algorithms.“Liquidation”is reflected in three dimensions:individuals liquefy absolute binary gender into gender thresholds,audiences infiltrate bloggers’action logic as data,and platform mechanisms accelerate and expand the flow of gender performance.