消能抗震锚杆的研究进展与思考

Research Advance and Thinking on Energy Dissipation and Seismic Bolts

消能锚杆在加固边坡工程、基坑工程和巷道工程中具有良好的支护和容错能力,已经被广泛地研究和应用.系统地介绍了传统消能抗震锚杆的研发现状.根据消能抗震锚杆在外荷载消失后是否可自行恢复,进一步将其分为变形不可自复位型锚杆和变形可自复位型锚杆,并就几种典型消能抗震锚杆的工作机理及优缺点做了分析.在此基础上,进一步总结了现有抗震锚杆技术存在的主要问题:现在消能锚杆结构存在设计缺陷、不同荷载力学作用机制导致锚杆力学响应存在显著差异、现有消能锚杆无法适应岩土体的动力变形.最后,基于抗震结构自复位性的特点,提出了一种具有自复位结构的新型多级消能抗震锚杆,该锚杆具有多级缓冲消能的特点,且能实现在外部荷载减小或消失时其消能部件变形可恢复的效果,有望为强震区、爆破区及高地应力区的边坡、隧道、矿井巷道等工程持续提供有效的支护力.

Energy dissipation bolt has better support and fault tolerance when applied to slope engineering,foundation pit engineering and roadway engineering,and has been widely used in ground and underground engineering.This paper systematically introduces the research and development status of traditional energy dissipation and seismic bolt.According to whether energy dissipation and seismic bolt can self-reset after the external load disappears,it is further divided into non-self-resetting bolts and self-resetting bolts,and the working mechanism,advantages and disadvantages of several typical anti-seismic bolts are analyzed.On this basis,the main problems of the existing energy dissipation and seismic bolts technology are further summarized,including lack of verification of the mechanical properties of energy dissipative anchors,significant differences in the mechanical response of anchors due to different load mechanics,and the inability of existing energy dissipative anchors to adapt to the dynamic deformation of geotechnical bodies.Finally,based on the characteristics of self-resetting seismic structure,a new multi-stage energy dissipation and seismic bolt with self-resetting structure is proposed.This bolt has the characteristics of multi-stage buffer energy dissipation and can realize the effect that the deformation of its energy dissipating parts can be recovered when the external load is reduced or disappeared,which can provide effective support force for slope,tunnel,mine tunnel and other support engineering in strong seismic areas,blasting areas and high ground stress areas continuously.