氮、磷、钾肥对水稻养分积累与利用的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on the Accumulation and Utilization of Rice Nutrients

为明确施用氮、磷、钾肥对水稻养分积累与利用的影响,科学合理地提高氮、磷、钾肥的利用率,减少农业化肥污染,增加水稻产量提供一定的理论、实践基础,本研究于2019年在广西象州县、龙州县、岑溪市、港北区和福绵区进行田间试验。设置空白区(0 kg N+0 kg P_(2)O_(5)+0 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2))、全肥区(180 kg N+45 kg P_(2)O_(5)+135 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2))、缺氮区(0 kg N+45 kg P_(2)O_(5)+135 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2))、缺磷区(180 kg N+0 kg P_(2)O_(5)+135 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2))、缺钾区(180 kg N+45 kg P_(2)O_(5)+0 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2))共5个处理,于水稻成熟期测定干物质积累量和植株氮、磷、钾含量。结果显示,与空白区相比全肥区水稻干物质和氮、磷、钾积累量分别增加2658.60、33.67、11.34、61.98 kg/hm^(2),说明施用氮、磷、钾肥显著增加水稻干物质及氮、磷、钾素积累量。氮、磷、钾肥促进水稻干物质积累效应从大到小依次为氮肥、磷肥、钾肥。平均氮、磷、钾养分积累均以全肥区为最高、空白区最低。全肥区处理氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力均高于缺肥区,表明平衡施肥有利于提高肥料的偏生产力。联合方差分析表明,氮、磷、钾素积累量的地点与处理间的互作效应极显著,干物质积累量、养分干物质生产效率和稻谷生产效率的地点与处理间的互作效应不显著。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥显著促进水稻干物质及氮、磷、钾养分积累,氮、磷、钾养分积累量受环境与处理的互作效应影响大,而干物质积累量及养分生产效率受互作效应影响小。

The experiment is expected to clarify the effects of applying nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on the accumulation and utilization of rice nutrients,provide a theoretical and practical basis for scientifically and rationally increasing the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers,reducing agricultural fertilizer pollution,and increasing rice output.Field experiments were conducted in Guangxi Xiangzhou County,Longzhou County,Cenxi City,Gangbei District,and Fumian District in 2019 to clarify the effects of applying nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers on the N,P,and K accumulation and utilization in rice plant.A total of five treatments,i.e.,N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)(0 kg N+0 kg P_(2)O_(5)+0 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2)),N_(1)P_(1)K_(1)(180 kg N+45 kgP_(2)O_(5)+135 kgK_(2)O/hm^(2)),N_(0)P_(1)K_(1)(0 kg N+45 kg P_(2)O_(5)+135 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2)),N_(1)P_(0)K_(1)(180 kg N+0 kg P_(2)O_(5)+135 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2)),and N_(1)P_(1)K_(0)(180 kg N+45 kg P_(2)O_(5)+0 kg K_(2)O/hm^(2)).The results showed that dry matter accumulation and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake in treatment N_(1)P_(1)K_(1) increased by2658.60,33.67,11.34,61.98 kg/hm^(2),as compared with N_(0)P_(0)K_(0),respectively.The average accumulation of N,P,and K in plants was recorded highest in plots applied with full dose of fertilizer(N_(1)P_(1)K_(1)),while lowest in the control(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)).The partial productivity of N,P,and K fertilizers in the treatment N_(1)P_(1)K_(1) was higher than control plots,indicating that balanced fertilization is beneficial to increase the partial productivity of fertilizer.Interaction between locations and treatments,subject to analysis of variance were found highly significant in case of N,P,K accumulation,while the effects were found non-significant for dry matter accumulation,nutrient dry matter production efficiency,and rice production efficiency.Conclusion:balance joint application of N,P,and K fertilizers significantly promoted the accumulation of dry matter and N,P,K uptake in rice plant.While,the dry mater accumulation,nutrients uptake and efficiency of nutrient production were affected by the interaction between location and treatments.