宜机采优质茶树新品种‘鄂茶201’选育

The Breeding of a New Tea Cultivar'Echa201'with Machine-picking Suit-able and Elite Quality Traits

为了选育优质、高产、适宜机采、高抗和适制绿茶的茶树新品种,本研究从‘福鼎大白茶’自然杂交后代中,采用单株选择技术育成茶树良种‘鄂茶201’。多年品种比较试验结果表明,‘鄂茶201’属早生种;产量高,鲜叶产量为9 071 kg/hm^(2),比对照种‘福鼎大白茶’增产40.4%。内含物丰富,春季一芽二叶含水浸出物46.79%、茶多酚28.46%、氨基酸5.07%、咖啡碱3.70%、茶氨酸2.21%,属高氨基酸品种;制绿茶品质优,外形翠绿紧细稍显毫,汤色嫩绿明亮,香气嫩香尚持久,滋味鲜醇,叶底嫩绿明亮尚匀。适宜机械采摘,机采完整芽叶一芽二叶以下优质率(数量)、一芽二叶以下优质率(质量)和完整芽叶率分别为81.95%、44.35%、78.63%,均优于对照种。耐寒性、耐旱性强,适宜在湖北省及气候相似茶区种植。‘鄂茶201’于2021年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号:GPD茶树(2021) 420032。本研究为茶产业高质量发展提供了良种支撑。

In order to breed new tea cultivars with elite quality,high yield,suitability of mechanical picking,strong resistance and suitability of producing green tea,the excellent tea cultivar'Echa201'was bred by using the individual selection method from the natural hybrid offspring of'Fuding Dabaicha'in this study.The results ob-tained from tea cultivar performance test for several years were as followed.'Echa201'belonged to an early-sprout-ing cultivar.The fresh leaf yield was up to 9071 kg/hm^(2) and increased by 40.4%than that of the control cultivar'Fuding Dabaicha'.Biochemical compounds were rich in one bud and two leaves picked in spring involving water extract of 46.79%,tea polyphenol of 28.46%,amino acid of 5.07%,caffeine of 3.70%and theanine of 2.21%,sug-gesting that'Echa201'was a high amino acid cultivar.'Echa201'was suitable for producing excellent green tea,which presented jade green,wiry and slightly tippy appearance,delicate green and little bright soup color,tender aroma and approach lasting,fresh and mellow taste,and delicate green,bright and approach even infused leaf.'Echa201'was also suitable for mechanical picking.The quantitative and qualitative proportion of intact bud and leaf that being tender than one bud and two leaves in machine-picking fresh leaf was 81.95%and 44.35%respec-tively,and the proportion of intact bud and leaf was 78.63%,which were higher than those of the control cultivar.'Echa201'had strong cold and drought tolerance,and is suitable to be cultivated in Hubei Province and the region with similar climate condition.'Echa201'was registered as the non-major crop cultivar by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2021,with the registration number of GPD tea plant(2021)420032.This study provides basic support for the development of high-quality improved varieties in tea industry.