沈阳市夏季6种城市绿地景观对使用者身心恢复的影响

Effects of Six Categories of Urban Green Spaces on Users,Psycho-physiological Restoration in Summer in Shenyang

城市绿地环境已被证实对人的身心健康有益,但人的感知评价需求如何影响环境发挥的健康效益仍有待深入研究。文章通过测量251名被试者的生理指标(血压、心率)和心理指标(POMS、PRS),探讨沈阳市夏季6种绿地景观对使用者的身心恢复的影响,以提高城市绿地的游憩和保健功能。结果表明:1)VR视频模拟的绿地景观对使用者的身心恢复同样具有效果;2)夏季绿地中林地对被试者的血压恢复效果最佳,水景对心率的舒缓效果最佳,近似绿化程度的环境中具有开敞特征的环境更能促进人的生理恢复;3)在各空间中被试者均呈现积极情绪增加、消极情绪减少的趋势,开敞度越高越能提升人的兴致勃勃感;4)夏季城市绿地中逃离性是最容易被感知的属性,水景的逃离性评价最佳,城市广场可以在迷人性与兼容性维度上调动人的注意力恢复;5)人对环境的感知评价与身心恢复关系密切,偏好、安全感、植物多样性、植物有序性、层次感、自然程度及开敞程度对环境的恢复性均有积极作用。综上可知,中国北方地区夏季不同城市绿地空间在生理及感知维度上对使用者具有一定的恢复效果。

Urban green spaces(UGSs)have been proven to be beneficial to human physical and mental health.However,how human perceptual evaluation affects the health benefits of environment needs further research.Through measuring the physiological indexes(blood pressure and heart rate)and psychological indexes(POMS and PRS)of 251 participants,the paper discusses the effects of six categories of UGSs on users'psycho-physiological restoration in summer in Shenyang,with the aim to improve the recreational and health function of UGSs.The results show that:1)The green space landscape simulated with VR video has the same effect on the psycho-physiological restoration of users;2)Among the UGSs in summer,woodland has the best effect on blood pressure recovery,and waterscape has the best effect on heart rate reduction.The close-to-green-space environment with open characteristics performs better in the human physiological recovery;3)In each sample space,the participants show a trend of more positive emotions than negative emotions.The larger open space in environments can better increase visitors'interests;4)The escapability in UGSs in summer is the easiest attribute to be perceived,and the attribute in waterscape is the best evaluated.City square can increase users'attention in the dimension of fascination and compatibility;and 5)People's perceptual evaluation of environment is closely related to their physical and mental recovery.Preference,security,plant diversity,plant hierarchy,layering,degree of naturalness and degree of openness all have positive effects on environmental restoration.In a sum,different UGSs in summer in northern China have restorative effects on users in physiological and perceptual dimensions to a certain extent.