教育不平等对居民收入差距影响实证分析

An empirical analysis of the impact of educational inequality on resident income gap

文章基于2001年至2020年我国31省、区、市的省级面板数据,测度了我国各个省、区、市的教育基尼系数与城乡收入泰尔指数,全面地分析了我国目前教育不平等与收入不平等的现状。而后通过固定效应模型、机制分析和异质性分析考察了教育不平等对居民收入差距的影响。实证分析结果表明:教育不平等对收入差距有明显的正向影响关系,教育不平等每增加1%,收入差距会增加0.153%;教育不平等对收入差距的影响机制是通过降低劳动生产力、阻碍人力资本积累、加剧就业难度三个途径扩大收入差距。

By using the provincial panel data of 31 provinces in China for 20 consecutive years from 2001 to 2020,quantifies the Gini Coefficient of education and the Theil index of urban-rural income.comprehensively analyzes the current macro situation of education inequality and income inequality in China.And then the impact of educational inequality on residential income gap is empirically analyzed by fixed effects model,mechanism analysis and heterogeneity analysis.The results show that education inequality has a significant positive impact on income gap.A 1% increase in educational inequality is associated with a 0.153% increase in income inequality.Second,the impact mechanism of education inequality on income gap is to expand the income gap by reducing labor productivity,hindering the accumulation of human capital,and increasing the difficulty of employment.