量子信息技术与区块链的融合模式研究

Research on the integration model of quantum information technology and blockchain

区块链与量子信息技术是近年来兴起的前沿科学技术,受到了业界广泛的关注与研究。其中区块链具有去中心化性质,以区块链为核心技术的应用在金融科技、物联网、民生与政治等诸多领域相继涌现。量子信息技术主要分为量子计算、量子通信、量子测量。其中量子计算的研究主要体现在相较于经典计算的计算优越性,量子计算的运行速度已被证明在解决某些复杂问题上远超经典计算。而在两者迅猛发展的同时,相互之间也存在亟需解决的问题。由于区块链采用的部分经典密码学技术已被证明会被量子计算破解,例如基于非对称密码体制的数字签名,导致区块链的安全受到威胁。针对此问题,已有研究表明,将量子信息技术应用于区块链,可以保护其不受量子攻击。以区块链与量子信息技术相结合为出发点,通过介绍区块链和量子计算的基本结构,以及分析区块链遭受的量子挑战并总结现有的量子解决方案,指出区块链和量子信息技术的融合可以促进区块链在量子时代良好地发展,而这也是不可阻挡的趋势。

Blockchain and quantum information technology are the most cutting-edge science and technology emerging in recent years,which have received extensive attention and research in the industry.Among them,blockchain has decentralized characteristics,and applications with blockchain as the core technology have emerged in many fields such as fintech,Internet of Things,livelihood,and politics.Quantum information technology is divided into quantum computing,quantum communication,and quantum measurement.Quantum computing is mainly studied for its computational superiority compared with classical computing,and the operation speed of quantum computing has been proved to be far superior to classical computing in solving certain complex problems.While both are growing rapidly,there are issues that need to be addressed urgently.The security of blockchains is threatened because some of the classical cryptographic techniques used in blockchains have been shown to be broken by quantum computing,such as digital signatures based on asymmetric cryptographic mechanisms.To solve this problem,it has been shown that applying quantum information technology to blockchain can protect it from quantum attacks.This paper takes the combination of blockchain and quantum information technology as the starting point,and by introducing the basic structure of blockchain and quantum computing,as well as analyzing the quantum challenges suffered by blockchain and summarizing the existing quantum solutions,we point out that the integration of blockchain and quantum information technology can promote the good develop‐ment of blockchain in the quantum era,which is an unstoppable trend.