前茬小麦有机肥替代化肥氮对后茬玉米抗倒伏性状的影响

Effects of replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic fertilizer in previous wheat on lodging resistance of later maize

以豫南砂姜黑土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系下的玉米为研究对象,基于大田试验,采用小麦、玉米周年轮作模式,在前茬冬小麦季设置6个有机肥替代化肥氮处理,即T0(0)、T20(20%)、T40(40%)、T60(60%)、T80(80%)和T100(100%),玉米季各小区均正常施用化肥,在玉米吐丝期测定玉米抗倒伏相关表观性状、力学指标,在玉米拔节期、吐丝期、成熟期测定土壤可溶性氮含量,在玉米成熟期测定产量及其构成因素。结果表明:与T0相比,有机肥替代化肥氮处理的玉米吐丝期的株高、重心高度、穗位高度及穗位系数均无显著变化;第3、4、5节间直径、节间干物质质量、单位茎长干物质质量、压碎强度和抗倒指数增加;T60处理能显著提高玉米茎秆抗倒指数;在玉米拔节期、吐丝期、成熟期,有机肥替代不同比例化肥氮处理的土壤可溶性氮含量均有不同程度的增加,均以T60处理的含量最高;有机肥替代化肥氮处理的玉米产量、百粒质量均有所增加,T60处理的玉米产量增加了15.61%。可见,前茬有机肥替代化肥氮能够提高后茬玉米的抗倒伏性及产量,以有机肥替代60%化肥氮的效果最好。

In this study,corn was planted under winter wheat-summer corn rotation system in the sand-ginger-black soil area of South Henan for the field experiment,adopting the wheat-corn annual rotation pattern.The fertilizer was set up to six treatments with organic fertilizer replacing different proportions of chemical fertilizer nitrogen in the previous wheat season:T0(0),T20(20%),T40(40%),T60(60%),T80(80%)and T100(100%).Fertilizers were applied normally to all plots in the corn season.The parameters of maize resistance to downy related phenological traits and mechanical indexes were collected at the corn silking stage,soil soluble nitrogen content at the maize pulling stage,silking stage and maturity stage,and yields and their constitutive factors at the maturity stage of maize.The results showed that compared with the T0 treatment,there were no significant changes in plant height,center of gravity height,ear height and coefficient of ear position of spathe stage maize treated with organic fertilizer replacing different proportions of chemical fertilizer nitrogen.The diameter of the 3rd,4th,5th internode,the dry mass of the internode,the dry mass of the dry matter per unit of the stem length,the crushing strength and the antiretroviral index were increased.The T60 treatment significantly increased the antiretroviral index of maize stalks.In the maize pulling period,spathe stage and maturity stage,the soil soluble N contents of organic fertilizer replacing different proportions of fertilizer N treatments were increased to different degrees,and all of them were highest in the T60 treatment.The maize yield and 100-grain quality of organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer N treatments were increased,and the maize yield of the T60 treatment was significantly increased by 15.61%.It could be concluded that organic fertilizer forecrop replacement of fertilizer nitrogen could improve the maize resistance and yield of the later crop and the organic fertilizer replacing 60%of fertilizer nitrogen had the optimal effect.