中青年冠心病PCI术后患者自我管理干预方案的实施及效果评价

Implementation and effectiveness evaluation of self-management intervention program for young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI

目的 探讨基于自我调节常识模型(The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation,CSM)的中青年冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后患者干预方案的设计、实施方法及效果。方法 选取2021年7月—2022年7月收治的中青年PCI术后患者112例作为研究对象,其中2021年7月—2021年12月入院的57例患者为对照组,2022年1月—7月入院的55例患者为试验组。试验组根据CSM在认知阶段、应答阶段、评估阶段、行为及疾病结局阶段对PCI术后患者的自我管理、疾病感知及心理进行干预;对照组采取PCI术后常规护理。比较两组干预前、干预3个月后的自我管理行为、疾病感知、焦虑评分。结果 干预3个月后,试验组冠心病自我管理行为得分高于对照组(t=6.221,P<0.001);疾病感知得分、焦虑得分均低于对照组(t=3.284,6.949;P<0.05)。结论 基于CSM的干预可提高中青年冠心病PCI术后患者自我管理能力,降低负性疾病感知及负性情绪,减轻患者身心负担。

Objective To construct a self-management intervention program for young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)based on the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation,and to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods A total of 112 young and middle-aged postoperative PCI patients were selected as research subjects from July 2021 to July 2022.Fifty-seven patients admitted to the hospital from July 2021 to December 2021 were assigned to the control group and 55 patients admitted from January 2022 to July 2022 were assigned to the experimental group.Patients in the experimental group received self-management intervention.According to the four stages of common-sense model,namely cognitive stage,response stage,evaluation stage,and behavioral and disease outcome stage,personalized health education and psychological care were used to intervene in the self-management,disease perception,and psychology of patients after PCI.Patients in the control group received routine postoperative care.The differences in self-management behavior,disease perception,and anxiety between two groups of patients before and after 3 months of intervention were compared.Results After 3 months of intervention,the self-management behavior score of coronary heart disease in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(t=6.221,P<0.001).The disease perception score and anxiety score were lower than those of the control group(t=3.284,6.949;P<0.05).Conclusion Self-management intervention based on the common-sense model can improve self-management ability of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI,reduce negative disease perception and negative emotions,and reduce the physical and mental burden of patients.