护士心理资本与建言效能感在包容型领导与护士建言行为间的中介作用

The mediating effect of psychological capital and voice behavior efficacy on inclusive leadership and voice behavior of nurses

目的 探讨护士心理资本、建言效能感在包容型领导与护士建言行为间的中介作用。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2022年1月—3月选取来自四川、贵州3所三级甲等医院的293名护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、包容型领导量表、心理资本问卷、建言效能感量表、建言行为量表对其进行调查。结果 共回收有效问卷286份。286名护士包容型领导量表条目均分为(3.74±0.67)分,心理资本问卷条目均分为(4.46±0.61)分,建言效能感量表条目均分为(3.57±0.69)分,建言行为量表条目均分为(5.40±1.04)分。包容型领导、护士心理资本、建言效能感、建言行为两两间呈正相关(r=0.460~0.614,P<0.001)。通过构建中介模型,发现包容型领导对护士建言行为的直接效应显著(β=0.166,P<0.001),同时包容型领导还可通过3条路径的间接作用影响护士建言行为,包括心理资本的中介作用(β=0.221,P<0.001)、建言效能感的中介作用(β=0.189,P<0.001)、心理资本与建言效能感的链式中介作用(β=0.109,P<0.001),中介效应占总效应的75.77%。结论 护士心理资本和建言效能感在包容型领导和护士建言行为间发挥了中介效应。建议帮助护理管理者塑造包容型领导风格,并通过增加护士积极心理资源、增强护士建言效能感,促进护士建言行为的产生。

Objective To explore the relationship between inclusive leadership,psychological capital,voice behavior efficacy and voice behavior of nurses.Methods A total of 293 nurses from three Grade A tertiary hospitals in Sichuan and Guizhou were selected by convenience sampling method from January 2022 to March 2022.General data questionnaire,Inclusive Leadership Scale,Psychological Capital Questionnaire,Voice Behavior Efficacy Scale and Voice Behavior Scale were used to investigate them.Results A total of 286 nurses were finally included.The scores for inclusive leadership were(3.74±0.67),psychological capital(4.46±0.61),voice behavior efficacy(3.57±0.69),and voice behavior(5.40±1.04).Inclusive leadership,psychological capital,voice behavior efficacy,and voice behavior were positively correlated(r=0.460-0.614,P<0.001).The mediation model revealed that the direct effect of inclusive leadership on voice behavior was significant(β=0.166,P<0.001).Besides,inclusive leadership could also affect voice behavior through three pathways:the mediating effect of psychological capital(β=0.221,P<0.001),the mediating effect of voice behavior efficacy(β=0.189,P<0.001),and the chain mediating effect of psychological capital and voice behavior efficacy(β=0.109,P<0.001),with the mediating effects accounting for 75.77%of the total effects.Conclusion Psychological resources and voice efficacy play mediating effects between inclusive leadership and nurses'voice behavior.It is suggested that hospital managers should pay attention to shaping the inclusive leadership style,enhance nurses'voice efficacy by increasing nurses'positive psychological resources,and finally promote nurses'voice behavior.