去中心化自治组织犯罪的形态剖析与治理对策

Analysis of the Forms and Governance Strategies of Decentralized Autonomous Organization Crimes

随着区块链技术的发展,去中心化自治组织的概念逐渐引起人们的关注。这是一种由智能合约和区块链技术构建的组织形式,其权力和决策机制分散化,由参与者共同决策。当前,去中心化自治组织犯罪存在两种基本类型,表现为黑客攻击、非法交易、洗钱犯罪、虚假ICO、庞氏骗局等不同的具体犯罪形态。对于利用去中心化自治组织实施的犯罪,我国刑法在否定去中心化自治组织犯罪主体地位的同时,承认其作为犯罪工具的定位。在去中心化自治组织犯罪的刑法规制中,去中心化自治组织不同成员的刑事责任认定、利用去中心化组织实施犯罪中的帮助行为正犯化、作为犯罪工具的“去中心化自治组织”的合理处置等值得深入探讨。同时,为了更好地应对去中心化自治组织犯罪带来的挑战,有效防范与打击此类新型犯罪,还需在法治层面完善去中心化自治组织犯罪的刑法规制,同时在技术层面利用区块链技术实现“以彼之道,还施彼身”。

With the development of blockchain technology,the concept of Decentralized Autonomous Organiza⁃tions(DAOs)has attracted increasing attention.DAOs are organizational forms constructed by smart contracts and blockchain technology,characterized by decentralized power and decision⁃making conducted by partici⁃pants.Currently,there are two basic types of crimes associated with DAOs,manifested in the forms of hacking attacks,illegal transactions,money laundering,fraudulent Initial Coin Offerings(ICOs),Ponzi schemes,and other specific criminal activities.Regarding crimes committed through DAOs,while the criminal subject status of DAOs is denied under Chinese criminal law,their position as criminal tools is recognized.In the criminal regulation of DAO crimes,it is worth exploring the determination of criminal responsibility for different mem⁃bers of DAOs,the criminalization of aiding and abetting crimes committed through DAOs,and the appropriate disposal of DAOs as criminal tools.Additionally,to effectively address the challenges posed by DAO crimes,and prevent and combat such new types of crimes,it is necessary to improve the criminal regulation of DAO crimes at the level of rule of law,while utilizing blockchain technology at the technical level to implement a"tit⁃for⁃tat"approach.