单克隆抗体的肿瘤免疫治疗进展

Progress in Tumor Immunotherapy with Monoclonal Antibodies

单克隆抗体是由单个B细胞克隆产生的抗体,这些抗体都与特定的抗原特异性结合,具有亲和力高、特异性好的特性,被广泛应用于疾病的诊断和治疗。肿瘤是机体易感细胞在各种致癌因子长期相互作用和多种基因突变过程中导致的过度增生,具有致命性和难治性,严重影响了人类生命和生活,加重了国家医疗卫生负担。单克隆抗体能够通过抑制细胞信号转导、直接细胞毒性作用、免疫效应作用、免疫检查点阻断、药物载体作用等一系列机制来抑制肿瘤的生长,表现出了令人鼓舞的肿瘤治疗效果。随着抗体发现技术的不断发展和升级,以及各种形式的抗体如片段抗体、双特异性抗体、TCR模拟抗体、糖基化抗体的出现和深入研究,在未来,单克隆抗体必将在肿瘤免疫治疗领域大放异彩。

mAbs(monoclonal antibodies)are immunoglobulins generated from a single B cell clone.These antibodies exhibit high affinity and specificity by binding selectively to distinct antigens,which have been broadly applicated in disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.Tumorigenesis ensues from prolonged interactions of susceptible cells with various oncogenic factors and the occurrence of multiple genetic mutations.Tumors,characterized by their lethality and refractory nature,significantly impact human life and well-being,exacerbating the overall national healthcare burden.Monoclonal antibodies excute their anti-tumor effects through variety of mechanisms,including the modulation of cell signaling pathways,direct cytotoxicity,engagement of immune effector functions,immune checkpoint blockade,and functioning as carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs,which display great efficacy in controlling tumor growth.With the evolvement of antibody discovery technologies,coupled with the emergence and in-depth exploration of diverse antibody formats such as antibody fragments,bispecific antibodies,TCR-mimic antibodies,and glycosylated antibodies,the future holds substantial promise for monoclonal antibodies to make significant strides in the realm of cancer immunotherapy.