乾隆朝《台湾全图》贴落与武成殿政治空间营造

Palace Wallpaper Complete Map of Taiwan of the Qianlong Period and the Creation of Political Space of Wucheng Hall

现藏于德国汉堡民族学博物馆的一件与乾隆朝台湾战役相关的巨幅贴落,由《平定台湾战图》册中十一场战役场景构成,很可能曾是悬挂在武成殿的《台湾全图》贴落。该贴落是目前已知最早出现,也是现存最完整的由多战役场景组合而成的战图主题贴落。中国国家博物馆现藏有一件线描稿与此图在形式与内容上高度相似,应即为此贴落绘制时所作粉本。结合该粉本与故宫博物院藏战图册,对贴落的制作流程、内容形式、悬挂地点展开分析,可发现贴落凸显了清朝的军事实力和皇权的威严,以及符合帝王对战役的审美与心理需求。存放贴落的武成殿是帝王凸显皇权神秘与威严的政治空间,通过解析贴落与武成殿的关系以及殿内其他陈设情况,可推测贴落也会在皇帝会见王公大臣和外邦使臣的场合中彰显皇权、展示武功,并起到一定的威慑作用。

A large-scale wallpaper relating to the battles of Taiwan during the Qianlong period is stowed at the Museum of Ethnology in Hamburg,Germany.It consists of 11 battle scenes from the album Victory in the Pacification of Taiwan,and is likely to have been the palace wallpaper of the Complete Map of Taiwan that hung in the Wucheng hall.The wallpaper is the earliest known and the most complete extant battle picture-themed wallpaper composed of multiple battle scenes.A line drawing at the National Museum of China that is highly similar to this wallpaper in form and content should be the preparatory sketch draft of the wallpaper.Combining the line drawing and the album,this paper studies the production process,content form and hanging place of the wallpaper and argues that the wallpaper highlighted the military strength of the Qing dynasty and the majesty of the imperial power,and conformed to the emperor’s aesthetic and psychological needs.By analyzing the display of the wallpaper in Wucheng hall and other furnishings in the hall,it can be inferred that the wallpaper would demonstrate imperial power,display Qing military power,and play a deterrent role when the emperor met with princes,ministers,and foreign envoys.