2017—2022年德阳市手足口病流行特征及时空聚集分析

Epidemic characteristics and temporal-spatial clustering of hand,foot and mouth disease in Deyang City,2017-2022

目的通过分析2017—2022年德阳市手足口病的流行特征和时空聚集性,为手足口病防控提供科学依据。方法描述性分析2017—2022年德阳市手足口病的流行特征,采用空间自相关与时空聚集性分析探索德阳市手足口病的时空分布特征。结果2017—2022年德阳市手足口病累计报告22872例,年均发病率108.64/10万,发病率逐年下降,每年4—6月、10—12月为发病高峰,易感人群以0~6岁的婴幼儿为主。EV71疫苗年均估算接种率9.64%,病原学发现EV71检出占比逐年下降。空间自相关和时空聚集性分析显示手足口病高发聚集区为罗江区、广汉市、什邡市和绵竹市,聚集时间与发病高峰基本一致。结论2017—2022年德阳市手足口病疫情总体呈下降趋势,4—6月、10—12月是手足口病的高发期,防控重点应关注0~6岁的婴幼儿人群,罗江区、广汉市、什邡市和绵竹市是重点防控区域。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and temporal-spatial clustering of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Deyang City from 2017 to 2022,and to provide a scientific basis for HFMD prevention and control.Methods The epidemic characteristics of HFMD in Deyang City from 2017 to 2022 were descriptively analyzed.The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of HFMD in Deyang City were explored by spatial autocorrelation and temporal-spatial aggregation analysis.Results From 2017 to 2022,22,872 cases of HFMD were cumulatively reported in Deyang City,with an average annual incidence rate of 108.64/100,000.The incidence rate decreased year by year,with the incidence peaks in April-June and October-December each year.The susceptible population was mainly infants and young children aged 0-6 years.The estimated annual vaccination rate of EV71 vaccine was 9.64%,and etiology determination revealed that the proportion of EV71 detection decreased year by year.Spatial autocorrelation and temporal-spatial aggregation analysis displayed that the high incidence areas of HFMD were Luojiang District,Guanghan City,Shifang City and Mianzhu City,and the aggregation time was basically consistent with the peak of incidence.Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in Deyang City during 2017-2022 generally showed a downward trend,and the peak of incidence was observed from April to June as well as from October to December.HFMD prevention and control should focus on infants and young children aged 0-6 years,and the key prevention and control areas are Luojiang District,Guanghan City,Shifang City and Mianzhu City.