革兰阴性菌外膜囊泡在感染和免疫调节中的研究进展

Advances in the study of outer membrane vesicles of gram-negative bacteria in infection and immune regulation

革兰阴性菌释放的细胞外囊泡源于细胞最外层膜,被称为外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicle,OMV),含有磷脂、脂多糖、外膜蛋白和细菌特异性抗原等细菌外膜成分。OMV在细菌生理学和致病机制中发挥重要作用,可参与生物膜形成、基因水平转移、应激和炎症反应、毒素和其他生物分子的传递等,且在免疫调节以及肠道微生物群的建立和平衡中也起着重要作用。本文对OMV在细菌感染及免疫调节中的作用进行综述,为细菌导致的感染性疾病预防和治疗提供新的思路,并对OMV在肿瘤靶向治疗和新型疫苗制备中的潜在应用价值进行展望。

Outer membrane vesicle(OMV),originating from the outermost membrane of cells,is the extracellular vesicles released by gram-negative bacteria,containing bacterial outer membrane components such as phospholipids,lipopolysaccharide(LPS),outer membrane protein,and bacterial-specific antigens.OMV plays an important role in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis,involving in biofilm formation,horizontal gene transfer,stress and inflammatory responses,and delivery of toxins and other biomolecules.It also plays a vital role in immune regulation and the establishment and maintenance of balanced intestinal microflora.This article provides an overview of the roles of OMV in bacterial infections and immune regulation and the potential application value of OMV in tumor-targeted therapy and new vaccine preparation in the hope to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.