丝绸之路上的唐代入华波斯国大酋长阿罗憾新探

New Investigation of Aluohan(阿罗憾)on the Silk Road,the Persian chief Who Entered China during the Tang Dynasty

清末在河南洛阳出土了一方波斯国酋长阿罗憾墓志,该墓志被金石学家端方收藏。阿罗憾应是一位在中亚地区颇具声望的波斯国大酋长,亦或中亚某地的大酋长,因其与波斯关系密切或波斯曾据其地而被称为波斯国大酋长,目前并没有证据显示其为景教徒、波斯王室成员,抑或琐罗亚斯德教文献中救世主瓦赫兰(Bahram)的原型人物,但其部分事迹可能被瓦赫兰所吸收,当前学界对阿罗憾及其事迹存在过度解释之嫌。651年波斯灭亡后,阿罗憾致力于复兴波斯帝国,被召至唐廷,因其功绩,颇受优待,最终客死洛阳。《阿罗憾丘铭》为了解流亡波斯历史提供了珍贵信息,有助于认识彼时中国对波斯、中亚与阿拉伯人政策及其关系。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty,the epitaph of the Persian chief,Aluohan,was unearthed from Luoyang,Henan Province.This epitaph was then collected by the epigraphist Duan Fang.Aluohan should be a great Persian chief with high prestige in the Central Asian region.Alternatively,he might be a great chief from a certain area of the Central Asia,and was called the great chief of Persia because of his close connection with Persia,or the fact that Persia once occupied his territory.So far,no evidence suggests that he was a Nestorian,a member of the Persian royal family,or the archetype of Bahram,the saviour in the Zoroastrian scripture.Even though some of his experiences might be incorporated into the story of Bahram.The current scholarship is susceptible to the over-interpretation of Aluohan and his achievements.After the demise of Persia in 651 C.E.,Aluohan was dedicated to the restoration of the Persian Empire.He was summoned to the Tang court,where he was well treated because of his accomplishments and eventually died in Luoyang.The epitaph of Aluohan provides valuable information on the history of the exile of Persia,and is beneficial for our interpretations of China's policies towards and relation with the Persia,Central Asia,and Arabs at the time.